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General SOH > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Trimethoprim can be given safely in pregnancy. True or false?

A

False

- it inhibits folic acid synthesis

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2
Q

Avoid trimethoprim during which months of pregnancy?

A

First 3 months

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3
Q

What is trimethoprim commonly used to treat?

A

UTI

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4
Q

Trimethoprim treats a range of organisms. However, which organism does it not treat?

A

Pseudomonas

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5
Q

What are the components of co-trimoxazole

A

Sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim

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6
Q

Which antibiotic carries a risk of developing Steven Johntson syndrome

A

Co-trimoxazole

- sulphamethoxazole part

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7
Q

Nitrofurantoin is commonly used to treat?

A

UTI

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8
Q

Nitrofurantoin can treat upper and lower UTI. True or false?

A

False

- only treats lower UTI

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9
Q

When should you avoid using nitrofurantoin?

A

Late pregnancy
Breast feeding
Children < 3 months

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin treats a variety of organisms. However, name 2 organisms common in UTI that it does not treat?

A

Proteus

Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Amoxicillin is safe in pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

Cefalexin is safe to use in pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

Which type of organisms are lactose fermenters?

A

Coliforms

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14
Q

What is the function of ESBLs?

A

Makes bacteria resistant to all cephlasporins and most penicillins
- therefore, you are very restricted to which antibiotics are sensitive to the patient

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15
Q

If a patient has ESBLs what can you treat them with?

A

Nitrofurantoin

Meropenem

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16
Q

CPE are resistant to all meropenem. True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

Which organism’s culture smells like burnt chocolte?

A

Proteus

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18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a coliform. True to false?

A

False

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19
Q

Management of pseudomonas?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

Antibiotic of choice for anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

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21
Q

Which drug is used for gram -ve organisms if gentamicin is contra-indicated?

A

Astreolam

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22
Q

Carbapenems are active against ESBL producers. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Management of staph aureus

A

Flucloxacilin

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24
Q

Where do penicillins act?

A

Bacterial cell wall

-only work in gram +ve organisms

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25
Q

Penicillin contains a betalactam ring?

A

True

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26
Q

Penicillin is not safe in pregnancy. True or false?

A

False

- safe in pregnancy

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27
Q

Which 2 drugs make up co-amoxiclav

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

  • beta lactamase inhibitor
  • if organisms contain beta lactamase in order to break down the beta lactam ring then co-amoxiclav will still be effective as it inhibits the beta lactamase
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28
Q

What is the function of beta lactamase

A

Destroys the antibiotics beta lactam ring and makes the antibiotic ineffective

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29
Q

Name 3 antibiotic classes that contain a beta lactam ring in their structure

A

Penicillins
Carbapenems
Cephlasporins

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30
Q

What is the IV form of penicillin ?

A

Benzylpenicillin

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31
Q

Which antibiotic is used in MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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32
Q

Give an example of a glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

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33
Q

Name 3 macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

34
Q

Which macrolide is safe in pregnancy?

A

Erythromycin

35
Q

Name an example of an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

36
Q

Treatment of choice for coliforms?

A

Gentamicin

37
Q

Cephlasporins are safe to use in pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

38
Q

Name 2 tetracycline antibiotics

A

Clindamycin

Doxycycline

39
Q

Name an example of a quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Name the 4 C’s

A

Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin - and all other quinolone
Cephlasporins

41
Q

Alcohol can be taken with metronidazole. True or false?

A

False

42
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a strep infection?

A

Penicillin

43
Q

Sepsis - antibiotics

A

Amoxicillin (for gram +ve organisms) +
Metronidazole (for anaerobes) +
Gentamicin (for gram -ve organisms)

Antibiotics are for 10-14 days

44
Q

COPD exacerbation. First line antibiotic

A

Amoxicillin 5 days

45
Q

COPD exacerbation. 2nd line management

A

Doxycycline 5 days

46
Q

Management of TB

A

2RIPE4RI
2 months rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
4 months rifampicin, isoniazid

47
Q

This drug stains bodily fluids orange

A

Rifampicin

48
Q

This drug used in the treatment of TB can lead to optic problems

A

Ethambutol

49
Q

Which drug used in the treatment of TB causes hepatitis and joint pains

A

Pyrazinamide

50
Q

Which drug in the treatment of TB can result in neuropathies, hepatitis

A

Isoniazide

51
Q

Management of epiglottitis

A

Ceftriaxone

52
Q

Bordatella pertussis management

A

Macrolides

- only indicated in the first 21 days

53
Q

Mild CAP (score 0-2) treatment

A

Amoxicillin (or doxycycline)

54
Q

Severe CAP (3-5) management

A

Co-amoxiclav (IV) + clarithromycin OR

Co-amoxiclav (IV) + doxycycline

55
Q

HAP management mild

A

Amoxicillin (oral) + metronidazole

56
Q

HAP severe management

A

Amoxicillin (IV) + metronidazole + gentamicin

57
Q

Management of most atypical pneumonia’s

A

Macrolides

58
Q

Management of pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Co-trimoxazole

59
Q

Management of chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

Topical oxytetracycline

60
Q

Management of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol

61
Q

Management of bacterial keratitis

A

Hourly drops of oflxacin

62
Q

Staph aureus endocarditis management

A

IV flucloxacillin

63
Q

Staph epidermidis (prosthetic valve) management

A

IV vancomycin
IV gentamicin
PO rifampicin

64
Q

Strep viridans (sub acute) endocarditis management

A

IV amoxicillin

IV gentamicin

65
Q

Management of MRSA infective endocarditis

A

IV gentamicin
PO rifampicin
IV vancomycin

66
Q

Strep pyogenes management

A

Penicillin

67
Q

Name 3 classes of bactericidal antibiotics

A

penicillins
cephlasporins
Glycopeptides

68
Q

Penicillins are excreted via which organ?

A

Kidneys

69
Q

Cephlasporins are excreted via which organ(s)?

A

Kidney

Urine

70
Q

Route of administration for vancomycin

A

IV

71
Q

Glycopeptides have activity against both gram +ve and gram -ve organisms. True or false?

A

False

- only have activity against gram +ve organisms

72
Q

Name 2 antibiotic classes that inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycocides

Macrolides

73
Q

Which class of antibiotic is used for treating legionella infection?

A

Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin)

74
Q

Name the most common aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

75
Q

Which antibiotic can cause damage to CN8 ?

A

Gentamicin

76
Q

When in pregnancy is trimethoprim UNSAFE to use?

A

In first trimester

77
Q

Which antibiotic is known for interacting with alcohol?

A

Metronidazole

78
Q

Which antibiotic is known for causing deafness/dizziness?

A

Gentamicin

79
Q

Mitronidazole is safe/unsafe in pregnancy?

A

Safe after first trimester

80
Q

Gentamicin is safe/unsafe in pregnancy?

A

Unsafe

General SOH (6 decks)

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