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Clin Med: ID > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Staph & Strep are:

A

Gram + cocci

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2
Q

Enterococci

A

Gram + cocci

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3
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Gram - diplococci

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4
Q

Enterobacter & H. flu

A

Gram - coccobacilli (short rods)

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5
Q

E.coli, Heterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas

A

Gram - rods

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6
Q

Listeria, Anthrax bacillus, Clostridium, B. cereus

A

Gram + rods

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7
Q

Beta-Lactams (PCNs, cephs, carbapenems, monobactams) MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (50S)

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9
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (30S)

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11
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (30S)

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12
Q

Pen V & G coverage

A

Gram +, NO staph, some anaerobes

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13
Q

Methicillin/Oxacillin/Nafcillin/Dicloxacillin coverage

A

Gram +, incl MSSA, some anaerobes

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14
Q

Amox/Clavulanate coverage

A

Gram + & - (NO pseudomonas), some anaerobes

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15
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam coverage

A

Gram + & - (NO pseudomonas), some anaerobes

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16
Q

Anti-pseudomonal PCNs (cover gram + & -, some anaerobes)

A

Piperacillin, Pip/Tazo (Zosyn), Ticar/Clav

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17
Q

3rd generation ceph (gram + & -) w/ pseudomonal coverage

A

Ceftazidime

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18
Q

1st generation cephs (cover gram + ONLY)

A

Cefazolin, Cephalexin (Keflex)

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19
Q

2nd generation cephs (cover gram - & some gram+)

A

Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin

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20
Q

3rd generation ceph (covers gram + & - but NO pseudomonas)

A

Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

4th generation ceph (covers MSSA & pseudomonas)

A

Cefepime

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22
Q

5th generation ceph (covers MRSA but NOT pseudomonas)

A

Ceftaroline

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23
Q

Carbapenems

A

Cover most gram (+), (-), and anaerobes, used for resistant organisms (IV only)
Don’t cover MRSA

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24
Q

Macrolides

A

Cover gram (+) and gram (-) diplococci and coccobacilli

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25
Quinolones
Gram + (levo>cipro), gram - (all have good coverage), pseudomonas (levo & cipro ONLY)
26
Aminoglycosides
Gram - incl pseudomonas
27
A/E of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
28
Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, tetracucline, minocycline, tigecycline)
Atypicals, MSSA, P. Acnes Doxy also used for tick born dz Tigecycline used for resistant gram -
29
Good anaerobic coverage
Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Augmentin (Amox/Clav), Unasyn (Amp/Sulbactam), Zosyn (Pip/Tazo), Carbapenems
30
Which antibiotic should not be used in the lungs?
Daptomycin
31
Good MRSA coverage
Vancomycin, Linezolid, Tidezolid, Daptomycin, TMP/SMX (sometimes)
32
TMP/SMX covers
Gram (-), PCP, nocardia, toxoplasmosis +/- MRSA
33
Nitrofurantoin
Gram +/- (UTI)
34
What determines antibiotic choice?
Gram +/-, anaerobe vs aerobe, acid fast vs non-acid fast, site of infxn
35
Pharyngitis Tx (supportive & bacterial)
Supportive: Tylenol, local analgesic Antibiotic: PCN V (10 days), Amox (kids) PCN allergy: Clinda, azithromycin
36
Common UTI Pathogens
Gram (-) rods: E.coli, Enterobacter | Enterococci, Staph saprophyticus, Chlamydia trachomatis
37
UTI Tx
Bactrim, Quinolone (cipro, levo, oflox), Cephalosporin, Nitrofurantoin, Doxycycline, Augmentin
38
Common Otitis Media Pathogens
Viral: rhinovirus, RSV, coronavirus Bacterial: Strep pneumo, H. flu, M. catarrhalis
39
Otitis Media Tx
+/- None (supportive) Initial: Amoxicillin If on recent Abx: Augmentin, Cephalosporin (oral)
40
Common pathogens of community acquired PNA
Virus, Strep pneumo, Mycoplasma pneumo, Chlamydia pneumo, Legionella, H. flu, Moraxella catarrhalis, Gram (-) rods
41
CAP Tx
Macrolides (azithromycin/clarithromycin), Doxycycline, Quinolone (anti-pneumococcus - levoflox, moxiflox), Augmentin + Macrolide
42
Meningitis Tx
Cefotaxime OR Ceftriaxone PLUS Vancomycin +/- dexamethasone If >50 or immunocompromised add Ampicillin for listeria
43
Meningitis Tx <1 mo old
Ampicillin + Cefotaxime + Gentamicin
44
Common wound infxn pathogens
Staph aureus, Strep (group A, B, C, G), Enterococcus
45
Post-Op Wound Infxn Tx
1st gen cephalosporin Clinamycin Augmentin Dicloxacillin
46
Chlamydia Tx
Azithromycin (or Doxycycline)
47
Gonorrhea Tx
Ceftriaxone (IM) + Azithromycin
48
Trichomonas Tx
Metronidazole
49
Vaginal Yeast (candida) Infxn Tx
Fluconazole (oral), intravaginal -azoles
50
Bacterial Vaginosis Tx
Metronidazole
51
Syphilis lesion tx
PCN G IM
52
HSV Tx
Acyclovir
53
Chancroid Tx
Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin
54
Lymphogranuloma venereum or Granuloma Inguinal (Donovanosis) Genital Lesion Tx
Doxycycline or Azithromycin
55
Common pathogens of hospital acquired PNA
Staph aureus, Gram (-) rods (pseudomonas, coliforms), Anaerobes, Strep pneumo, Enterococci
56
HAP Tx
``` Cefpime Imipenem/meropenem Pip/Tazo +/- Aminoglycoside Pip/Tazo +/- quinolone ADD Vancomycin if recent abx or MRSA ```
57
C. Diff Tx
Metronidazole (or PO Vanc)
58
Tx of diarrhea caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, or Shigella
Quinolone
59
Tx of diarrhea caused by Giardia
Metronidazole
60
When to tx acute sinusitis
Sx >10 days, severe sx (fever, facial pain) >3-4 days, worse sx after URI
61
Acute Sinusitis Tx
Augmentin PCN allergy: Quinolones, Doxycycline Supportive: saline irrigation, afin, decongestant
62
Bronchitis Tx
Supportive (usu viral): NSAIDs, expectorant or cough suppressant, inhaled bronchodilators if bronchospasm No improvement after 1 wk: Macrolides, Doxycicline

Clin Med: ID (1 decks)

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