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Clin Med: ID > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Staph & Strep are:

A

Gram + cocci

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2
Q

Enterococci

A

Gram + cocci

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3
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Gram - diplococci

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4
Q

Enterobacter & H. flu

A

Gram - coccobacilli (short rods)

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5
Q

E.coli, Heterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas

A

Gram - rods

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6
Q

Listeria, Anthrax bacillus, Clostridium, B. cereus

A

Gram + rods

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7
Q

Beta-Lactams (PCNs, cephs, carbapenems, monobactams) MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (50S)

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9
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (30S)

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11
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (30S)

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12
Q

Pen V & G coverage

A

Gram +, NO staph, some anaerobes

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13
Q

Methicillin/Oxacillin/Nafcillin/Dicloxacillin coverage

A

Gram +, incl MSSA, some anaerobes

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14
Q

Amox/Clavulanate coverage

A

Gram + & - (NO pseudomonas), some anaerobes

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15
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam coverage

A

Gram + & - (NO pseudomonas), some anaerobes

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16
Q

Anti-pseudomonal PCNs (cover gram + & -, some anaerobes)

A

Piperacillin, Pip/Tazo (Zosyn), Ticar/Clav

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17
Q

3rd generation ceph (gram + & -) w/ pseudomonal coverage

A

Ceftazidime

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18
Q

1st generation cephs (cover gram + ONLY)

A

Cefazolin, Cephalexin (Keflex)

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19
Q

2nd generation cephs (cover gram - & some gram+)

A

Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin

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20
Q

3rd generation ceph (covers gram + & - but NO pseudomonas)

A

Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

4th generation ceph (covers MSSA & pseudomonas)

A

Cefepime

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22
Q

5th generation ceph (covers MRSA but NOT pseudomonas)

A

Ceftaroline

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23
Q

Carbapenems

A

Cover most gram (+), (-), and anaerobes, used for resistant organisms (IV only)
Don’t cover MRSA

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24
Q

Macrolides

A

Cover gram (+) and gram (-) diplococci and coccobacilli

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25
Q

Quinolones

A

Gram + (levo>cipro), gram - (all have good coverage), pseudomonas (levo & cipro ONLY)

26
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gram - incl pseudomonas

27
Q

A/E of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity

28
Q

Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, tetracucline, minocycline, tigecycline)

A

Atypicals, MSSA, P. Acnes
Doxy also used for tick born dz
Tigecycline used for resistant gram -

29
Q

Good anaerobic coverage

A

Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Augmentin (Amox/Clav), Unasyn (Amp/Sulbactam), Zosyn (Pip/Tazo), Carbapenems

30
Q

Which antibiotic should not be used in the lungs?

A

Daptomycin

31
Q

Good MRSA coverage

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, Tidezolid, Daptomycin, TMP/SMX (sometimes)

32
Q

TMP/SMX covers

A

Gram (-), PCP, nocardia, toxoplasmosis +/- MRSA

33
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Gram +/- (UTI)

34
Q

What determines antibiotic choice?

A

Gram +/-, anaerobe vs aerobe, acid fast vs non-acid fast, site of infxn

35
Q

Pharyngitis Tx (supportive & bacterial)

A

Supportive: Tylenol, local analgesic
Antibiotic: PCN V (10 days), Amox (kids)
PCN allergy: Clinda, azithromycin

36
Q

Common UTI Pathogens

A

Gram (-) rods: E.coli, Enterobacter

Enterococci, Staph saprophyticus, Chlamydia trachomatis

37
Q

UTI Tx

A

Bactrim, Quinolone (cipro, levo, oflox), Cephalosporin, Nitrofurantoin, Doxycycline, Augmentin

38
Q

Common Otitis Media Pathogens

A

Viral: rhinovirus, RSV, coronavirus
Bacterial: Strep pneumo, H. flu, M. catarrhalis

39
Q

Otitis Media Tx

A

+/- None (supportive)
Initial: Amoxicillin
If on recent Abx: Augmentin, Cephalosporin (oral)

40
Q

Common pathogens of community acquired PNA

A

Virus, Strep pneumo, Mycoplasma pneumo, Chlamydia pneumo, Legionella, H. flu, Moraxella catarrhalis, Gram (-) rods

41
Q

CAP Tx

A

Macrolides (azithromycin/clarithromycin), Doxycycline, Quinolone (anti-pneumococcus - levoflox, moxiflox), Augmentin + Macrolide

42
Q

Meningitis Tx

A

Cefotaxime OR Ceftriaxone
PLUS Vancomycin +/- dexamethasone
If >50 or immunocompromised add Ampicillin for listeria

43
Q

Meningitis Tx <1 mo old

A

Ampicillin + Cefotaxime + Gentamicin

44
Q

Common wound infxn pathogens

A

Staph aureus, Strep (group A, B, C, G), Enterococcus

45
Q

Post-Op Wound Infxn Tx

A

1st gen cephalosporin
Clinamycin
Augmentin
Dicloxacillin

46
Q

Chlamydia Tx

A

Azithromycin (or Doxycycline)

47
Q

Gonorrhea Tx

A

Ceftriaxone (IM) + Azithromycin

48
Q

Trichomonas Tx

A

Metronidazole

49
Q

Vaginal Yeast (candida) Infxn Tx

A

Fluconazole (oral), intravaginal -azoles

50
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis Tx

A

Metronidazole

51
Q

Syphilis lesion tx

A

PCN G IM

52
Q

HSV Tx

A

Acyclovir

53
Q

Chancroid Tx

A

Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin

54
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum or Granuloma Inguinal (Donovanosis) Genital Lesion Tx

A

Doxycycline or Azithromycin

55
Q

Common pathogens of hospital acquired PNA

A

Staph aureus, Gram (-) rods (pseudomonas, coliforms), Anaerobes, Strep pneumo, Enterococci

56
Q

HAP Tx

A 
Cefpime
Imipenem/meropenem
Pip/Tazo +/- Aminoglycoside
Pip/Tazo +/- quinolone
ADD Vancomycin if recent abx or MRSA
57
Q

C. Diff Tx

A

Metronidazole (or PO Vanc)

58
Q

Tx of diarrhea caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, or Shigella

A

Quinolone

59
Q

Tx of diarrhea caused by Giardia

A

Metronidazole

60
Q

When to tx acute sinusitis

A

Sx >10 days, severe sx (fever, facial pain) >3-4 days, worse sx after URI

61
Q

Acute Sinusitis Tx

A

Augmentin
PCN allergy: Quinolones, Doxycycline
Supportive: saline irrigation, afin, decongestant

62
Q

Bronchitis Tx

A

Supportive (usu viral): NSAIDs, expectorant or cough suppressant, inhaled bronchodilators if bronchospasm
No improvement after 1 wk: Macrolides, Doxycicline

Clin Med: ID (1 decks)

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