Antibiotics Flashcards
How do beta lactams work?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Give 3 groups of beta lactams
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Carbapenems
Give 3 examples of penicillins
- Benzyl penicillin
- Flucloxacillin
- Amoxicillin
What does benzyl penicillin treat
Pneumonia, meningitis and Strep infections
What does flucloxacillin treat?
Staph aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
What does amoxicillin treat?
UTIs, respiratory tract infections and Listeria monocytogenes
Give 2 examples of cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime
2. Cephalexin
What do cefuroxime and cephalexin treat?
Staph aureus, Streptococci infections and Neisseria
Give 2 examples of carbapenems
- Imiperiem
2. Etrapapenem
What do carbapenems treat?
Enterobacteria
What is the MOA of Beta Lactams
They prevent penicillin binding protein crosslinking to peptidoglycan chains so the cell wall cannot form and the bacteria are lysed.
How do glycopeptides work?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Give 2 examples of glycopeptides
- Vanomycin
2. Teicoplanin
What do vancomycin and teicoplanin treat?
Severe Staph infections (MRSA!!)
Give an example of an antibiotic that inhibits folate synthesis?
- Trimethoprim
What is the MOA for trimethoprim and sulfonamides
By inhibiting folate synthesis they inhibit DNA synthesis
What is trimethoprim used to treat?
UTIs, prostasitis and acute/chronic bronchitis
How do quinolones work?
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Give 2 examples of quinolones
- Ciprofloxacin
2. Levofloxacin
What ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin used to treat?
Strep viridans, Strep pyogenes and pseudomonas
How does rifampicin work?
It binds to RNA polymerase and therefore inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
What does Rifampicin treat?
(1/4 TB) Staph infections, Strep infections
Give 2 examples of macrolides
- Clarithomycin
2. Erythromycin
MOA for macrolides
Binds to the 50S subunit therefore inhibiting translation steps of protein synthesis
What do macrolides treat?
Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Legionella and Chlamydia
Give 2 examples of tetracyclines
- Doxycycline
2. Tetracycline
MOA for tetracyclines
Bind to a 30s subunit therefore inhibiting mRNA translocation
What is doxycycline and tetracycline used to treat?
BROAD SPECTRUM ABS, Strep. viridans, Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes
Give 2 examples of aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin
2. Streptamicin
MOA of aminoglycosides
Bind to the 30s subunit and therefore the genetic code is misread
What does gentamicin treat?
Staph. aureus, Gram -ve bacilli and sepsis
What does streptomicin treat?
TB
