Antibiotics

Question 1

How do beta lactams work?

Answer 1

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 2

Give 3 groups of beta lactams

Answer 2

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Carbapenems

Question 3

Give 3 examples of penicillins

Answer 3

1. Benzyl penicillin
2. Flucloxacillin
3. Amoxicillin

Question 4

What does benzyl penicillin treat

Answer 4

Pneumonia, meningitis and Strep infections

Question 5

What does flucloxacillin treat?

Answer 5

Staph aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

What does amoxicillin treat?

Answer 6

UTIs, respiratory tract infections and Listeria monocytogenes

Question 7

Give 2 examples of cephalosporins

Answer 7

1. Cefuroxime

2. Cephalexin

Question 8

What do cefuroxime and cephalexin treat?

Answer 8

Staph aureus, Streptococci infections and Neisseria

Question 9

Give 2 examples of carbapenems

Answer 9

1. Imiperiem

2. Etrapapenem

Question 10

What do carbapenems treat?

Answer 10

Enterobacteria

Question 11

What is the MOA of Beta Lactams

Answer 11

They prevent penicillin binding protein crosslinking to peptidoglycan chains so the cell wall cannot form and the bacteria are lysed.

Question 12

How do glycopeptides work?

Answer 12

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 13

Give 2 examples of glycopeptides

Answer 13

1. Vanomycin

2. Teicoplanin

Question 14

What do vancomycin and teicoplanin treat?

Answer 14

Severe Staph infections (MRSA!!)

Question 15

Give an example of an antibiotic that inhibits folate synthesis?

Answer 15

1. Trimethoprim

Question 16

What is the MOA for trimethoprim and sulfonamides

Answer 16

By inhibiting folate synthesis they inhibit DNA synthesis

Question 17

What is trimethoprim used to treat?

Answer 17

UTIs, prostasitis and acute/chronic bronchitis

Question 18

How do quinolones work?

Answer 18

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 19

Give 2 examples of quinolones

Answer 19

1. Ciprofloxacin

2. Levofloxacin

Question 20

What ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin used to treat?

Answer 20

Strep viridans, Strep pyogenes and pseudomonas

Question 21

How does rifampicin work?

Answer 21

It binds to RNA polymerase and therefore inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 22

What does Rifampicin treat?

Answer 22

(1/4 TB) Staph infections, Strep infections

Question 23

Give 2 examples of macrolides

Answer 23

1. Clarithomycin

2. Erythromycin

Question 24

MOA for macrolides

Answer 24

Binds to the 50S subunit therefore inhibiting translation steps of protein synthesis

Question 25

What do macrolides treat?

Answer 25

Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Legionella and Chlamydia

Question 26

Give 2 examples of tetracyclines

Answer 26

1. Doxycycline

2. Tetracycline

Question 27

MOA for tetracyclines

Answer 27

Bind to a 30s subunit therefore inhibiting mRNA translocation

Question 28

What is doxycycline and tetracycline used to treat?

Answer 28

BROAD SPECTRUM ABS, Strep. viridans, Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes

Question 29

Give 2 examples of aminoglycosides

Answer 29

1. Gentamicin

2. Streptamicin

Question 30

MOA of aminoglycosides

Answer 30

Bind to the 30s subunit and therefore the genetic code is misread

Question 31

What does gentamicin treat?

Answer 31

Staph. aureus, Gram -ve bacilli and sepsis

Question 32

What does streptomicin treat?

Answer 32

TB