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Microbiology Block 3 Test 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

List 2 types of Quinolones

A
  • Nalidixic acid
  • Fluoroquinolones
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2
Q

What are two types of Fluorquinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Norfloxacin
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3
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Quinolones

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. Inhibits DNA gyrase subunit A
  2. Bactericidal
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4
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Novobiocin

and

Coumermycin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. Inhibits DNA gyrase subunit B
  2. Bactericidal
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5
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Metronidazole

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. forms a radical that damages DNA
  2. Bactericidal
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6
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Clofazimine

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. cause formation of radicals that damage DNA macromolecules
  2. Bactericidal
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7
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Rifampin​

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of RNA Function

Specific:

  1. Blocks RNA polymerase
  2. Bactericidal
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8
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Aminoglycosides (6)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosome subunit.
  2. Damages cell membrane upon entry to cell
  3. Most are bactericidal
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9
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Tetracyclines (5)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosome subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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10
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Chloramphenicol

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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11
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Macrolides

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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12
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Lincosamides

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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13
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Streptogramins

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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14
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Oxazolidinones

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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15
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Fusidic Acid

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Blocks initiation of translation by binding to elongation factor G
  2. Bacteriostatic
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16
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Nitrofuran

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. forms radical that attacks ribosomes and other macromolecules
  2. Bacteriostatic
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17
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Polymyxin B and E

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Intercalates in outer membranes and disrupts membrane integrity
  2. Bactericidal
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18
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Tryocidine

and

Gramicidin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Intercalates in cytoplasmic membranes and disrupts membrane integrity.
  2. Bactericidal
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19
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Daptomycin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Inserts in cytoplasmic membrane and depolarizes membrane.
  2. Bactericidal
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20
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Antimicrobial Peptides (host defense peptides; cathelicidins)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Most disrupt membrane integrity
  2. Some types target cytoplasmic components
  3. Bactericidal
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21
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

β-lactams

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Bind irreversibly to the transpeptidases to inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking
  2. Bactericidal
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22
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Clavulanic acid

and

Sulbactam

and

Tazobactam

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. . Used with β-lactam antibiotics as suicide inhibitors of β- lactamases
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23
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Lipoglycopeptides (4)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Prevents transglycosylation and insertion of subunits into growing peptidoglycan chain
  2. Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus to prevent peptidoglycan crosslinking
  3. Bactericidal
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24
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Cycloserine

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Competitive inhibitor of cytoplasmic steps in synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors
  2. Bactericidal
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25
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Bacitracin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Binds to lipid carrier used to transport peptidoglycan (and many other) precursors across membrane.
  2. Bactericidal
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26
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Fosfomycin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Binds to transferase which forms UDP-muramyl peptide for cell wall synthesis
  2. Bactericidal
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27
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Isoniazid

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis

Specific:

  1. Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis for the acid fast cell envelope
  2. Bacteriostatic to slow growing cultures but bactericidal in rapidly growing cultures
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28
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Ethambutol

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis

Specific:

  1. Inhibits arabinosyl transferase for the arabinogalactan synthesis for acid fast cell envelope
  2. Bacteriostatic
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29
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Pyrazinamide

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis

Specific:

  1. Inhibits Fatty Acid Synthetase I needed for mycolic acids
  2. Bacteriostatic to slow growing cultures but bactericidal in rapidly growing cultures
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30
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Sulfonamides

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Metabolic Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis
  2. Bacteriostatic
31
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Dapsone

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Metabolic Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis
  2. Bacteriostatic
32
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Para-aminosalicylic acid

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Metabolic Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis
  2. Bacteriostatic
33
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Trimethoprim

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Metabolic Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing tetrahydrofolate pool
  2. Bacteriostatic
34
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Diarylquinolines

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Metabolic Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Targets the ATPase proton pump of Mycobacterium sp.
  2. Bactericidal
35
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Quinolones

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in gyrase
  2. Multidrug resistance pump
36
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Novobiocin

and

Coumermycin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in gyrase
37
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Metronidazole

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of drug
38
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Clofazimine​

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None listed
39
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Rifampin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in the β subunit of polymerase
40
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Aminoglycosides (6)

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of drug
  2. Mutation of the ribosome
  3. Mutation preventing transport into the cell
41
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Tetracyclines (5)

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Active drug efflux
  2. Target site protection
  3. Drug inactivation
42
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Chloramphenicol

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of drug
  2. Mutation preventing transport into the cell
43
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Macrolides

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
44
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Lincosamides

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
45
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Streptogramins

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
46
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Oxazolidinones

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
47
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Fusidic acid

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation of the target, elongation factor G
48
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Nitrofuran

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
49
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Polymyxin B and E

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
50
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Tryocidine

and

Gramicidin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
51
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Daptomycin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. yes but mechanism unknown
52
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Antimicrobial Peptides (host defense peptides; cathelicidins)

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
53
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

β-lactams

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Drug inactivation by β- lactamases
  2. Mutation in transpeptidase
  3. Mutation altering transport into the cell
54
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Clavulanic acid

and

Sulbactam

and

Tazobactam

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in β-lactamases to prevent binding of drug
55
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Lipoglycopeptides

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors that are resistant to binding by the drug
56
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Cycloserine

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation altering transport into cell
  2. Mutation in peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes to prevent binding of drug
57
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Bacitracin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
58
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Fosfomycin

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation altering transport into cell
  2. Mutation in transferase
59
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Isoniazid

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Complex mechanism that involves catalase which is required to activate drug
60
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Ethambutol

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in transferase prevents binding of drug
61
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Pyrazinamide

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Mutation in enzyme that activates the drug
62
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Sulfonamides

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
63
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Dapsone

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
64
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Para-aminosalicylic acid

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
65
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Trimethoprim

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
66
Q

What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:

Diarylquinolines

A

Mechanism of Resistance:

  1. None known
67
Q

What are 6 types of Aminoglycosides

A

Neo the Amikable Gentleman Kan get girls to Strep Tobras

GTSNAK

  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
  • Kanamycin
  • Tobramycin
  • Gentamicin
  • Amikacin
68
Q

What are 5 types of Tetracyclines

A

Tetrads of tigers watch Minos Glycling on the Dox

TD MTG

  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
  • Glycylcycline
  • Tigecycline
69
Q

What are 3 types of Macrolides

A

I get Azitthrough Ery Keto diet​

M: AKE

  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Ketolide
70
Q

What are 2 types of Lincosamides

A

_LinC_omycin -> _CLin_damycin

  • Lincomycin
  • Clindamycin
71
Q

What are 2 types of Streptogramins

A
  • Pristinamycin
  • Quinupristin
72
Q

What are 2 types of Oxazolidinones

A
  • Linezolid
  • Tedizolid
73
Q

What are 2 types of β-lactams

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
74
Q

What are 4 types of Lipglycopeptides

A

Don’t Dalbal Vancquish some Orita fries with some Telavision

DO VT

  • Vancomycin
  • Oritavancin
  • Telavancin
  • Dalbavancin

Microbiology Block 3 Test 1 (2 decks)

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