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Antibiotics > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

2 main classes of gram positive cocci

A

Staphyloccocus and streptococcus

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2
Q

How are streptococci differentiated

A

Haemolysis

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3
Q

How are staphylococcus differentiated

A

Coagulase test

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4
Q

Commonest cause of pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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5
Q

Treatment for strep pneumoniae

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

2 main groups of alpha haemolytic streptococcus

A

Strep pneumoniae and Strep viridans

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7
Q

Common cause of endocarditis

A

Strep viridans

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8
Q

2 main groups of beta haemolytic streptococcus

A

Group A Strep and Group B strep

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9
Q

Most pathogenic strep

A

Group A strep (strep pyogenes)

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10
Q

Treatment for beta-haemolytic strep

A

Penicillin/amoxicillin

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11
Q

Examples of non-haemolytic strep

A

Enterococcus (faecalis and faecium)

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12
Q

Common cause of UTI’s

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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13
Q

Catalase positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus

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14
Q

Catalase negative cocci

A

Streptococcus

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15
Q

Coagulate positive organisms

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

Coagulase negative organisms

A

All staph apart from staph aureus

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17
Q

Common cause of infected prosthetic heart valves and joints

A

Staph epidermidis (coagulase negative staph)

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18
Q

Treatment for coagulase negative staph

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

Common cause of skin infections, abscesses, resp infections and food poisoning

A

Staph aureus

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20
Q

The most common cause of bacteraemia

A

Staph aureus

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21
Q

Treatment for staph aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

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22
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

Co-trimoxazole and clindamycin

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23
Q

Gram negative cocci that causes bacterial meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitis

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24
Q

Gram negative cocci that causes gonorrhoea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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25
Q

Gram negative cocci that look like E.coli when cultured

A

Coliforms

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26
Q

Common gut commensals

A

E.coli, klebsiella and enterococcus

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27
Q

Common gut pathogens

A

Verotoxin producing E.coli (E.coli 1057), shigella and salmonella

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28
Q

Treatment for coliform infection

A

Gentamycin

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29
Q

Examples of gram negative bacilli that are strict aerobes

A

Legionella and pseudomonas aeruginosa

30
Q

Spiral/curved aerobic gram negative bacilli

A

Vibro cholera, campylobacter and H. pylori

31
Q

Gram negative organism that commonly causes chest infections (esp in COPD)

A

Haemophilus influenza

32
Q

Examples of strict anaerobes

A

Clostridium and bacteroides

33
Q

Gram positive organism that commonly causes C. diff

A

Clostridium

34
Q

Treatment for strict aerobes

A

Metronidazole

35
Q

Treatment for TB

A

Rifampicin, isonazide, pyrazinamide and ethambutol

36
Q

Causative organism of TB

A

Mycobacteria

37
Q

Causative organism of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

38
Q

Cause of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

39
Q

Class of organisms that do not stain

A

Spirochaetes

40
Q

Enzyme that is resistant to the early penicillins (like amoxicillin)

A

Beta-lactamase

41
Q

Enzyme that is resistant to all penicillin and cephalosporins

A

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase

42
Q

Enzyme that is resistant to all penicillin, cephalosporins and carbapenems

A

Carbapenemase

43
Q

Staph aureus that is resistant to flucloxacillin

A

MRSA

44
Q

Antibiotics that work on the cell wall

A

Penicillin, cephalosporins and glycopeptides

45
Q

Penicillin that is used for gram positive organisms

A

Flucloxacillin

46
Q

Penicillin that is used for gram positive and gram negative organisms

A

Amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, tazocin

47
Q

Penicillin that is used for gram negative organisms

A

Temocillin

48
Q

Used first line for staph aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

49
Q

Basically treats everything apart from pseudomonas and MRSA

A

Co-amoxiclav

50
Q

Reserved for intensive care but can basically treat everything apart from MRSA

A

Tazocin

51
Q

Only active against coliforms (gram negative organisms)

A

Temocillin

52
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics that are avoided in hospitals as they can cause C. diff

A

Cephalosporins

53
Q

Examples of glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin and teicoplanin

54
Q

What type of bacteria are glycopeptides active against

A

Gram positive bacteria (e.g. staph, strep, clostridium and MRSA)

55
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis

A

Macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides

56
Q

The only group of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics which are bacteriocidal

A

Aminoglycosides

57
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin

58
Q

How are macrolides excreted

A

By the liver NOT the urine

59
Q

Example of an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

60
Q

How must gentamicin be given

A

IV

61
Q

Side effects of gentamycin

A

Kidney/renal damage, damage to CN VII causing deafness and dizziness

62
Q

Antibiotics that work on bacterial DNA

A

Metronidazole, trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones

63
Q

Used to treat true anaerobic infections

A

Metronidazole

64
Q

Used for pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Co-trimoxazole

65
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones. Note these are severely restricted in Tayside due to risk of C. diff

A

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

66
Q

Can cause tendonitis

A

Ciprofloxacin

67
Q

Interacts with alcohol

A

Metronidazole

68
Q

Antibiotics to avoid (the 4 C’s)

A

Ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, cephalosporins and clindomycin

69
Q

Treatment for mild/moderate CAP

A

Amoxycillin (doxycycline if allergic)

70
Q

Treatment for severe CAP

A

Co-amoxiclav, clarithromycin and doxycycline (levofloxacin if allergic)

71
Q

Treatment for non-severe HAP

A

Amoxycillin and metronidazole

72
Q

Treatment for severe HAP

A

Gentamycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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