Antibiotics Flashcards by Matthew Crabtree

Q

Cycloserine mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Vancomycin mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Bacitracin mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Penicillins mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Cephalosporins mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Monobactams mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Carbapenems mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Actinomycin mechanism

A

RNA elongation

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Nalidixic acid mechanism

A

DNA gyrase (quinolone)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Ciprofloxacin mechanism

A

DNA gyrase (quinolone)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Novobiocin mechanism

A

DNA gyrase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Rifampin mechanism

A

DNA-directed RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Streptovaricins mechanism

A

DNA-directed RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Erythromycin (macrolides) mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (50S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (50S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Clindamycin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (50S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Lincomycin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (50S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Tetracycline mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Spectinomycin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Gentamicin, tobramicin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Kanamycin (aminoglycoside) mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Amikacin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Nitrofuran mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (30S) inhibition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Mupirocin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (tRNA)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Puromycin mechanism

A

Protein synthesis (tRNA)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Polymixins mechanism

A

Cytoplasmic membrane structure

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Trimethoprim mechanism

A

Folic acid metabolism

Q

Sulfonamides mechanism

A

Folic acid metabolism

Q

[…] is the only commercially available monobactam

A

Aztreonam

Q

Those with PCN allergies will not have allergies to […[

A

Aztreonam

Q

List the ß-lactam drug classes

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, (monobactams)

Q

Tx for MSSA

A

All ß-lactams except PCN and ampicillin. Nafcillin and cefazolin are drugs of choice

Q

Tx for pneumococcus

A

Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone

Q

Tx for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, aztreonam

Q

[…] are prokinetic and cause diarrhea

A

Macrolides

Q

Do not give […] to a patient with ileus

A

Macrolides

Q

List the macrolides

A

Erythromycin, gentamicin, azithromycin

Q

Antimicrobial spectrum of macrolides

A

Respiratory gram positives and negatives, intracellular atypical pathogens (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella)

Q

For atypical pathogens, […] are effective and […] are ineffective

A

Macrolides (first line) and fluoroquinolones (second line); ß-lactams (don’t use)

Q

Side effects of fluoroquinolones

A

Long QT, hyperglycemia, interaction with warfarin

Q

List the fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin

Q

Fluoroquinolones with anti-pneumococcal properties

A

Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin

Q

Fluoroquinolones with anti-pseudomonal properties

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Q

Side effect of tetracyclines

A

Photosensitivity

Q

This tetracycline is also antimalarial

A

Doxycycline

Q

List the tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline

Q

Coverage of the tetracyclines

A

Respiratory gram positive and negative, and atypical pathogens. Tetracycline is less effective than doxycycline or minocycline

Q

Drug options for resistant gram positives

A

Vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin

Q

Side effects of linezolid

A

BM suppression and neuropathy (also very expensive)

Q

Daptomycin is ineffective against […]

A

Pneumonia (bound by surfactant)

Q

[…]% of bronchitis is bacterial

A

10%

Q

Tx for bacterial sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate (first line), fluoroquinolones (if PCN allergy in adults)

Q

[…]% of pharyngitis is bacterial

A

15%

Q

Tx for Strep throat

A

PCN or amoxicillin (first line), 1st gen cephalosporin (for minor PCN allergy), clindamycin or macrolide (for anaphylactic PCN allergy)

Q

[…]% of otitis media is bacterial

A

75%

Q

Tx for OM

A

High dose amoxicillin (first line), add clavulanate (if on PCN for a month already), 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin (if PCN allergy)

Q

Tx approach for community acquired pneumonia

A

Use broad spectrum, then de-escalate after sputum results come int

Q

Tx for CAP outpatients

A

Macrolides or doxycycline (if previously healthy), antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone or macrolide with ß-lactam (if co-morbidities)

Q

Tx for CAP inpatients (non-ICU)

A

ß-lactam with macrolide (first line), anti-pneumococcal fluoroquinolone (if PCN allergy)

Q

Tx for CAP inpatients (ICU)

A

Antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone (always), and add ß-lactam with macrolide (first line), or add aztreonam (if PCN allergy)

Q

Tx for CAP if pseudomonas suspected

A

Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolone (always), and add antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone, antipseudomonal ß-lactam (tazobactam + piperacillin), cefepime, or meropenem

Q

Tx for CAP if MRSA suspected

A

Add vancomycin or linezolid

Q

Tx for CAP if aspiration suspected

A

Add clindamycin to cover oral anaerobes if not already covered

Q

How long to treat for CAP

A

5 day minimum, afebrile for 2-3 days, and in stabile condition

Q

[…] is the only cephalosporin with antipseudomonal activity

A

Ceftazidime

Q

Tx for HCAP with no risk of MDRO

A

Ceftriaxone or ampicillin/sulbactam or ertapenem or fluoroquinolone

Q

Tx for HCAP with risk of MDRO

A

Antipseudomonal ß-lactam plus antipseudomonal fluoroquinolone (or aminoglycoside) plus vancomycin or linezolid (if MRSA suspected)