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Antimicrobials > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin mechanism of action

A

Targets cell wall synthesis
Can’t make cross links
Lysis

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2
Q

Penicillin: spectrum?

A

Gram positives

Mainly against streptococci

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3
Q

Amoxicillin: spectrum?

A

Mainly strep, also some activity against gram -ve

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4
Q

Flucloxacillin: spectrum?

A

Staph and strep

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5
Q

Name some penicillins

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

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6
Q

Co-amoxiclav: spectrum?

A

All of above and anaerobes and gram -ve

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7
Q

Penicillins: ADRs?

A

Hypersensitivity

N&V&D

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8
Q

Name some cephalosporins

A

Ceflalexin
Cefroroxin
Ceftriaxone

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9
Q

Cephalosporins: spectrum?

A

Broad

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10
Q

Cephalosporins: mechanism

A

Targets cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

Concern with cephalosporins

A

C.diff

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12
Q

Name some macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

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13
Q

Macrolides:spectrum?

A

Against atypical respiratory pathogens

Alternative in penicillin allergy and resistance

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14
Q

Macrolides:mechanism?

A

Protein synthesis

Prevents peptidyl transferase from adding tRNA to next AA

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15
Q

Sulphonamides/ trimethoprim: mechanism

A

Inhibits folic acid synthesis… Targets nucleic acid synth

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16
Q

Sulphonamides: ADR

A

Haemapoeisis (rare)

17
Q

Quinolones: spectrum?

A

Against gram -ves

18
Q

Name a quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

19
Q

Quinolones: mechanism

A

Nucleic acid synthesis

Inhibits DNA gyrase

20
Q

Concern with quinolone

A

C.diff

21
Q

Quinolones: ADRs

A

Joint problems

Tendon damage

22
Q

Name some carbapenems

A

Meropenem

Imipenem

23
Q

Carbapenems: spectrum

A 
Very broad (including anaerobes)
Against most gram -ve
24
Q

Glycopeptides: spectrum

A

Most gram +ves

Some enterococci resistance

25
Q

Glycopeptides: mechanism

A

Cell wall synthesis

26
Q

Glycopeptides: ADRs

A

Hypersensitivity

27
Q

Name a glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

28
Q

Tetracyclines: spectrum

A

Broad
Against atypical pathogens pneumonia
Against chlamydia
Usually used when penicillin allergy

29
Q

Name tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

30
Q

Tetracyclines: mechanism

A

Protein synthesis

31
Q

Tetracyclines: ADRs

A

Stains teeth and bones (children

32
Q

Aminoglycosides: spectrum

A

Gram -ves

33
Q

Name an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamycin

34
Q

Aminoglycoside : mechanism

A

Protein synthesis

35
Q

Aminoglycoside : ADRs

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

36
Q

Metronidazole:spectrum

A

Anaerobic bacteria
Protozoa eg giardia
Trichomonas

37
Q

Metronidazole: mechanism

A

Nucleic acid synthesis

38
Q

Metronidazole:ADRs

A

N&V
Taste disturbance
Avoid alcohol

Antimicrobials (2 decks)

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