antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin mechanism of action
Targets cell wall synthesis
Can’t make cross links
Lysis
Penicillin: spectrum?
Gram positives
Mainly against streptococci
Amoxicillin: spectrum?
Mainly strep, also some activity against gram -ve
Flucloxacillin: spectrum?
Staph and strep
Name some penicillins
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Co-amoxiclav: spectrum?
All of above and anaerobes and gram -ve
Penicillins: ADRs?
Hypersensitivity
N&V&D
Name some cephalosporins
Ceflalexin
Cefroroxin
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins: spectrum?
Broad
Cephalosporins: mechanism
Targets cell wall synthesis
Concern with cephalosporins
C.diff
Name some macrolides
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Macrolides:spectrum?
Against atypical respiratory pathogens
Alternative in penicillin allergy and resistance
Macrolides:mechanism?
Protein synthesis
Prevents peptidyl transferase from adding tRNA to next AA
Sulphonamides/ trimethoprim: mechanism
Inhibits folic acid synthesis… Targets nucleic acid synth
Sulphonamides: ADR
Haemapoeisis (rare)
Quinolones: spectrum?
Against gram -ves
Name a quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolones: mechanism
Nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Concern with quinolone
C.diff
Quinolones: ADRs
Joint problems
Tendon damage
Name some carbapenems
Meropenem
Imipenem
Carbapenems: spectrum
Very broad (including anaerobes) Against most gram -ve
Glycopeptides: spectrum
Most gram +ves
Some enterococci resistance
Glycopeptides: mechanism
Cell wall synthesis
Glycopeptides: ADRs
Hypersensitivity
Name a glycopeptide
Vancomycin
Tetracyclines: spectrum
Broad
Against atypical pathogens pneumonia
Against chlamydia
Usually used when penicillin allergy
Name tetracyclines
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Tetracyclines: mechanism
Protein synthesis
Tetracyclines: ADRs
Stains teeth and bones (children
Aminoglycosides: spectrum
Gram -ves
Name an aminoglycoside
Gentamycin
Aminoglycoside : mechanism
Protein synthesis
Aminoglycoside : ADRs
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Metronidazole:spectrum
Anaerobic bacteria
Protozoa eg giardia
Trichomonas
Metronidazole: mechanism
Nucleic acid synthesis
Metronidazole:ADRs
N&V
Taste disturbance
Avoid alcohol