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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

daptomycin resistance

A

mutation of mprF, addition of L-lysine to phosphatidylglycerol of membrane –> increased positive charge –> repels cationic abx

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2
Q

tetracycline resistance

A

expression of efflux pump; pumps drug out of cell

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3
Q

metronidazole resistance

A

mutation in reducing enzymes (rdxA gene) –> impaired drug activation

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4
Q

aminoglycoside resistance

A

enzyme modification of the abx, altering drug-target binding

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5
Q

amoxicillin resistance

A

beta-lactamase expression!

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6
Q

trimethoprim and sulfonamide resistance

A

drug-insensitive dihydropteroate synthase and DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) which are the targets of those drugs

sulfonamides to dihydropteroate synthase and trimethoprim and DHFR

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7
Q

vancomycin resistance

A

D-Ala, D-Ala is substituted, so vanco no longer binds to target

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8
Q

What is peptidoglycan composed of? What enzymes compose

A

NAM-NAG-pentapeptide

NAM-NAG created by transglycosylase

transpeptidase crosslinks the pentapeptides

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9
Q

What are PBPs?

A

the transglycosylase, transpeptidase, and carboxypeptidases which attach and cross link peptidoglycan elements

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10
Q

Which drugs are beta-lactams?

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems

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11
Q

Penicillins MOA? Adverse effects?

A

Bind and inhibit PBPs

Adverse effect is hypersensitivity

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12
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillins? Beta-lactamase sensitive?

A

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

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13
Q

Very-narrow spectrum penicillins?

Beta-lactamase sensitive?

A

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

Beta-lactamase resistant!! good for staph

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14
Q

Broad spectrum? Beta-lactamase sensitive?

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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15
Q

Extended-spectrum? Beta-lactamase sensitive?

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin

good for gram-negative rods

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16
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors:

A

Clavulanic acid

used with amoxicillin!

17
Q

1st generation cephalosporin

  • agents?
  • activity?
A

Cefazolin
Cephalexin

gram + cocci

18
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin

  • agents?
  • activity?
A

Cefotetan
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime

gram + and some gram -

19
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin

  • agents?
  • activity?
A

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
cefdinir
cefixime

gram + and gram - cocci, many gram - rods; most enter CNS

20
Q

4th generation cephalosporin

  • agents?
  • activity?
A

Cefepime

broadest spectrum; enters CNS

21
Q

Cephalosporins MOA? adverse effects?

A

bind and inhibit PBPs

cause hypersensitivity
disulfiram-effect

22
Q

Monobactams

A

Aztreonam

bind to PBP, cause hypersensitivity

23
Q

Carbapenems

Agents?
MOA?
Adverse Effects?

A

Doripenem, imipenem (+ cilastin!!), ertapenem, meropenem

bind to PBPs, cause GI sx

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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