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Course 1 (Blood and Guts) > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of antibiotics inhibit the cell wall?

A

Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis - peptidoglycan is the key target

  • Beta-lactams: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems/monobactams
  • Glycopeptides
  • Phosphonic acid
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2
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of penicillins?

A

Penicillin

  • Narrow activity against gram + organisms
    • Group A Streptococcus
    • Streptococcus pneumonia
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3
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of aminopenicillins ex. ampicillin, amoxicillin?

A

Aminopenicillins

  • Increased gram + activity
    • S. pneumoniae
    • Enterococcus
  • Some gram - activity
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4
Q

What is the MOA of cloxacillin?

A

Cloxacillin is a penicillin therefore it inhibits the formation of the cell wall. It has potent activity against methicillin-susceptibel S. aureus (MSSA).

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5
Q

What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

A

Inhibits cell wall

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6
Q

What is the MOA of phosphonic acids?

A

Inhibits cell wall

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7
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines and oxazolidinone?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

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8
Q

What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones, rifamycins, trimethoprims, nitroimidazoles?

A

Disruption of DNA & NA synthesis

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lipopeptide and polymixin?

A

Disruption of cell membrane

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10
Q

What is the MOA of nitrofurantoin ex. macrobid?

A

Disruption of metabolism/respiration

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11
Q

Penicillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Penicillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: narrow activity against G+ organisms

Organisms: Group A streptococcus, S. pneumonia

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12
Q

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: increased G+ activity, some G- activity

Organisms: Streptococcus pneumonia, Enterococcus

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13
Q

Cloxacillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Cloxacillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: G+

Organism: potent activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)

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14
Q

Pip/Tazo

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: broad spectrum! Activity against G+, G- and anerobes

Organisms: activity against pseudomonas, enterococcus

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15
Q

1st Gen. Cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

1st Gen. Cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil)

MOA: inhibit cell wall

Coverage: activity against G+ (limited activity against susceptible G-)

Organisms: MSSA, streptococci

*No activity against MRSA, enterococcus

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16
Q

2nd Gen. Cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefprozil)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

2nd Gen. Cephalosporins

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, G-; increased activity against G- respiratory pathogens

Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella

  • Cefoxitin has activity against anaerobes
  • No activity against MRSA, enterococcus
17
Q

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefixime)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, increased activity against G- with CNS penetration

Organism: Neisseria meningitidis

  • Ceftazidime has activity against Pseudomonas but decreased G+ activity
  • Cefixme has limited G+ activity
  • No activity against MRSA, enterococcus
18
Q

4th Gen. Cephalosporins (Cefepime)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Cefepime

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, G-

Organisms: Pseudomnoas aeruginosa

  • Activity against MRSA and enterococcus
  • As you move up in generations of cephalosporins you have increased G- activity but the G+ activity becomes less
19
Q

Carbapenem (meropenem, ertapenem)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Carbapenems (meropenem, ertapenem)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: broad spectrum including aerobes and anaerobes

Organisms: resistant G- including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter

  • Ertapenems ahs no activity against Pseudomonas
  • Variable activity against Enterococcus
20
Q

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+

Organisms: Resistant staphylococci, MRSA, resistant S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, po formulation aginst C. diff only

21
Q

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Monobactams (aztreonam)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G-

Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

22
Q

Clindamycin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: activity against G+ and anaerobes

Organisms: Viridans Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • Activity against some MRSA strains
23
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, tobramycin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: Activity against G- including Pseudomonas, no activity against anaerobes

Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

Tetracyclines (Tetracyclin, minoclycline, doxycycline)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Tetracyclines (Tetracyclin, minoclycline, doxycycline)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: G+ and G- including RT pathogens, atypicals, ricketsial infections, malaria, activity against some MRSA strains

Organisms: Chlamlydia

25
Q

Macrolides (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Macrolides (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: G+ and some G-

  • Activity against S. pneumoniae, RT pathogens and atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, Legionella)
  • Activity against Group A streptococcus, MSSAm (increase resistance)
  • Activity against some GI pathogens
  • Activity against some non-tuberculous mycobacteria
26
Q

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacinm Moxifloxacin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacinm Moxifloxacin)

MOA: DNA synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: G+, G-, activity against atypicals

Organisms: Cipro has activity against Pseudomonas but limited against S. pneumoniae

27
Q

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

A

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole)

MOA: DNA synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: potent activity against anaerobes, G+, G-

Organisms: activity against C. diff, activity agianst intestinal protozoa including Entamoeba, Giardia

28
Q

What bugs are commonly associated with the skin?

A

Skin

G+

  • Staphylococcus aureus (part of normal flora)
  • Coagulase negative Staph (S. Epidermis) (part of normal flora)
  • Group A Streptococccus (S. Pyogenes)
  • Group C and G Streptococccus
  • Viridans Strep (part of normal flora)
  • Corynebacterium (part of normal flora)

G-

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
29
Q

What bugs are commonly associated with the GI tract?

A

GI Bugs

G+

  • Viridans streptococcus (part of normal flora)
  • Enterococcus (part of normal flora)
  • Peptostreptococcus and Finegoldia
  • Lactobacillus (part of normal flora)
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Clostridium perfringens

G-

  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Campylobacter
  • Veionella (part of normal flora)
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Bacteroides Fragilis (part of normal flora)
30
Q

What are some bugs associated with the respiratory tract?

A

Respiratory Tract

G+

  • Strep. pneumo.

G-

  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Legionella

Yeast-Like Fungus: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Mold: Aspergillus

31
Q
A

Course 1 (Blood and Guts) (17 decks)

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