Antibiotics

Question 1

SULFONAMIDES

Answer 1

INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS OF FOLIC ACID
LACK OF DNA SYNTHESIS
BROAD RANGE
BACTERIOSTATIC

Question 2

TRIMETHOPRIM

Answer 2

INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS OF FOLIC ACID
PREVENTION OF THE MAKING OF REDUCED FOLATE
NOT THAT TOXIC TO HUMANS THE ANTIBIOTIC HAS A HIGH SPECIFICITY OF THE BACERTIA ENZYME

Question 3

ISONIAZID

Answer 3

INHIBTION OF THE MAKING OF MYCOLIC ACID
M. TUBERCULOSIS
TARGETS INTRACELLUAR BACTERIA

Question 4

PENICILLINS

Answer 4

BACTERIAL GROWTH IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACTION
INHIBITION OF PG SYNTHESIS
β-LACTAM AND THIAZOLIDINE RINGS
PREVENTS PROPER CELL WELL FORMATION
MORE EFFECTIVE AGAINST G+ BACTERIA

Question 5

PENICILLIN G

Answer 5

SENSITIVE TO β-LACTAMASES
ALLERGENIC
INEFFECTIVE AGAINST GRAM- ENTERICS

Question 6

AMPICILLIN

Answer 6

RESISTS ACID HYDROLYSIS
BROADER SPECTRUM
PENICILLIN CLASS

Question 7

AMOXICILLIN

Answer 7

PENICILLIN CLASS
BROADER SPECTRUM - Gm- ENTERICS
HIGHER SERUM LEVELS THAN AMPICILLIN

Question 8

OXACILLIN, DICLOXACILLIN,

Answer 8

ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS
RESISTANT TO PENICILLINASE AND ACID
OF LITTLE USE AGAINST Gm-

Question 9

CEPHALOSPORINS

Answer 9

SIMILAR TO PENICILLIN
SUBSTITUTES DIHYDROTHIAZINE FOR THIAZOLIDINE
RING
BROADER SPECTRUM
GREATER ACID STABILITY
RESIST SOME β-LACTAMASES
GOOD FOR PENCILLIN ALLERGIES

Question 10

CEFTRIAXONE, CEFTAZIDIME

Answer 10

CEPHALOSPORINS
INCREASED β-LACTAMASE RESISTANCE
VERY BROAD SPECTRUM
CEFTAZIDIME EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS

Question 11

β-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

Answer 11

USEFUL IN COMBINATION WITH β-LACTAM
ANTIBIOTICS
HAVE SIMILAR RING STRUCTURES TO THE BETA LACTAMS.
BIND IT HIGH AFFINITY TO THE LACTAMASE ENZYMES

Question 12

CLAVULONIC ACID

Answer 12

β-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR
IN COMBINATION WITH AMOXICILLIN -
AUGMENTIN

Question 13

SULBACTAM

Answer 13

N COMBINATION WITH AMPICILLIN -

UNASYN

Question 14

VANCOMYCIN

Answer 14

RESTRICTED TO GM +
BINDS R-D-ALA-D-ALA
BLOCKS PEPTIDOGLYCAN PRECURSOR TRANSFER

ONLY REMAINING CHOICE FOR MULTIPLY RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPH. AUREUS

Question 15

CYCLOSERINE

Answer 15

INHIBITS D-ALANINE STEPS

SECONDARY TUBERCULOSIS DRUG

Question 16

POLYMYXIN B & POLYMYXIN E (COLISTIN)

Answer 16

BIND
NEGATIVELY CHARGED MEMBRANE COMPONENTS
CAUSING CELL LEAKAGE
TOXIC SO TOPICAL ONLY
PSEUDOMONAS AND OTHER G - ENTERICS

Question 17

DAPTOMYCIN

Answer 17

INSERTS INTO MEMBRANE OF GM+ ORGANISMS
CAUSING CELL LEAKAGE
THE MOLECULE IS TOO LARGE TO WORK ON GRAM
NEGATIVES

Question 18

STREPTOMYCIN

Answer 18

AMINOGLYCOSIDE
BINDS 30S RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT
MISREADING => BAD PROTEINS
LEAKY MEMBRANES INCREASES UPTAKE OF STREPTOMYCIN
-CIDAL DUE TO MEMBRANE EFFECTS

Question 19

TETRACYCLINES, DOXYCYCLINE

Answer 19

BACTERIOSTATIC
BLOCK BINDING OF AMINOACYL tRNA TO 30S
BROAD SPECTRUM AND USEFUL FOR
INTRACELLULAR PARASITES
ADVERSE AFFECTS ON FETUS - NOT USED DURING PREGNANCY
MOTTLED ENAMEL IN YOUNG CHILDREN
WIPE OUT NORMAL FLORA

Question 20

ERYTHROMYCIN

Answer 20

MACROLIDE
INHIBITION OF THE 50S SUBUNIT
BLOCKS CHAIN ELONGATION
BROAD SPECTRUM

Question 21

AZITHROMYCIN

Answer 21

MACROLIDE
BLOCKS CHAIN ELONGATION
RELATED TO ERYTHROMYCIN
UPTAKE BY PHAGOCYTES WHICH FURTHER
INCREASES CONCENTRATION AT SITE OF INFECTION

Question 22

CHLORAMPHENICOL

Answer 22

BLOCKS CHAIN ELONGATION

CAN INDUCE LETHAL APLASTIC ANEMIA

Question 23

MUPROCIN

Answer 23

USED IN SURGICAL PROCEDURES
BINDS ISOLEUCYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE
CIDAL OR -STATIC DEPENDING ON CONCENTRATION
EFFECTIVE AGAINST NASAL CARRIER STATE OF MRSA

Question 24

NALIDIXIC ACID

Answer 24

QUINOLONES
INHIBITS DNA GYRASE UNWINDING DNA
MAINLY GM- ENTERICS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
BACTERIOCIDAL

Question 25

CIPROFLOXACIN

Answer 25

FLUOROQUINOLONES
INHIBITS DNA GYRASE UNWINDING DNA
MORE ACTIVE THAN NALIDIXIC ACID
ALSO USEFUL FOR GM+ AND P. AERUGINOSA
ALSO USED FOR MRSA

Question 26

MOXIFLOXACIN

Answer 26

INHIBITS GYRASE AS WELL AS TOPOISOMERASE
ACTIVITY
BROAD SPECTRUM, BACTERIOCIDAL
THEORETICALLY RESISTANCE WILL NOT DEVELOP RAPIDLY SINCE THE ANTIBIOTIC TARGETS MULTIPLE DNA REPLICATION FUNCTIONS.

Question 27

RIFAMPIN

Answer 27

INHIBITS TRANSCRIPTION BY BINDING β SUBUNIT
OF RNA POLYMERASE
BROAD SPECTRUM, BACTERIOCIDAL
GOOD HOST CELL PENETRATION
RESISTANCE DEVELOPS RAPIDLY