Antibiotics

Question 1

What does benzylpenicillin, Flucloxacillin and Amoxicillin do?

Answer 1

Inhibits peptidoglycan (cell wall) synthesis and activates autolytic enzymes

Question 2

What antibiotic class does benzylpenicillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin belong to?

Answer 2

Penicillins (Beta lactam)

Question 3

What does Vancomycin and Teicoplanin do?

Answer 3

Inhibits cell wall synthesis via blocking peptidoglycan subunit transfer

Question 4

What antibiotic class is vancomycin and teicoplanin?

Answer 4

Glycopeptides

Question 5

What does cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefalexin do?

Answer 5

Beta lactam antimicrobials that are resistant to the enzyme that bacteria produce (Beta lactamase).

Question 6

Cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefalexin all belong to which antibiotic class?

Answer 6

Cephalosporins

Question 7

What does meropenem or imipenem do?

Answer 7

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins which causes “cell lysis”. These are broad spectrum abx.

Question 8

Which antibiotic class does meropenem and imipenem belong to?

Answer 8

Carbopenems

Question 9

Which abx classes target DNA synthesis?

Answer 9

Fluoroquinolones, nitromidazoles and nitrofurans

Question 10

Which abx belong to fluoroquinolones?

Answer 10

Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin

Question 11

What do fluoroquinolones do?

Answer 11

Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II which stops DNA replication

Question 12

What is an example of a nitromidazole?

Answer 12

Metronidazole

Question 13

What does nitromidazoles do?

Answer 13

Form free radicals which damage the bacteria’s cell structures including DNA

Question 14

What is an example of nitrofurans?

Answer 14

Nitrofurantoin

Question 15

What does Nitrofurantoin do?

Answer 15

Targets protein and DNA synthesis

Question 16

Which abx classes target protein synthesis of the pathogen?

Answer 16

Macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fusidic, lincosamides and oxazolidanones

Question 17

Which abx are examples of macrolides?

Answer 17

Erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin

Question 18

What do macrolides do?

Answer 18

Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit to inhibit translocation, they are an example of a bacteriostatic abx.

Question 19

Name examples of aminoglycosides

Answer 19

Gentamicin and streptomycin

Question 20

What do aminoglycosides do?

Answer 20

Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit which causes MRNA misreading

Question 21

Name examples of tetracyclines

Answer 21

Doxycycline and tetracycline

Question 22

What do tetracyclines do?

Answer 22

Binds reversibly to the 30s ribosomal subunit, resulting in inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 23

Name examples of steroid abx

Answer 23

fusidic acid

Question 24

What does fusidic acid do?

Answer 24

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 25

What do Oxazolidonones do?

Answer 25

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit.

Question 26

Name examples of oxazolidonones

Answer 26

Linezolid and Tedizolid

Question 27

What are examples of lincosamides?

Answer 27

clarithromycin and lincomycin

Question 28

What do lincosamides do?

Answer 28

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 29

Which abx classes target folate matabolism?

Answer 29

Sulfonamides and DHFR inhibitors

Question 30

Name examples of sulfonamides

Answer 30

Sulfisoxazole and sulfamethoxazole

Question 31

What do sulfonamides do?

Answer 31

Compete with PABA and inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

Question 32

Name an example of DHFR inhibitors

Answer 32

Trimethoprim

Question 33

What do DHFR inhibitors do?

Answer 33

Inhibits dihydrofolate synthase