Antibiotics Flashcards
What does benzylpenicillin, Flucloxacillin and Amoxicillin do?
Inhibits peptidoglycan (cell wall) synthesis and activates autolytic enzymes
What antibiotic class does benzylpenicillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin belong to?
Penicillins (Beta lactam)
What does Vancomycin and Teicoplanin do?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis via blocking peptidoglycan subunit transfer
What antibiotic class is vancomycin and teicoplanin?
Glycopeptides
What does cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefalexin do?
Beta lactam antimicrobials that are resistant to the enzyme that bacteria produce (Beta lactamase).
Cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefalexin all belong to which antibiotic class?
Cephalosporins
What does meropenem or imipenem do?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins which causes “cell lysis”. These are broad spectrum abx.
Which antibiotic class does meropenem and imipenem belong to?
Carbopenems
Which abx classes target DNA synthesis?
Fluoroquinolones, nitromidazoles and nitrofurans
Which abx belong to fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin
What do fluoroquinolones do?
Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II which stops DNA replication
What is an example of a nitromidazole?
Metronidazole
What does nitromidazoles do?
Form free radicals which damage the bacteria’s cell structures including DNA
What is an example of nitrofurans?
Nitrofurantoin
What does Nitrofurantoin do?
Targets protein and DNA synthesis
Which abx classes target protein synthesis of the pathogen?
Macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fusidic, lincosamides and oxazolidanones
Which abx are examples of macrolides?
Erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin
What do macrolides do?
Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit to inhibit translocation, they are an example of a bacteriostatic abx.
Name examples of aminoglycosides
Gentamicin and streptomycin
What do aminoglycosides do?
Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit which causes MRNA misreading
Name examples of tetracyclines
Doxycycline and tetracycline
What do tetracyclines do?
Binds reversibly to the 30s ribosomal subunit, resulting in inhibiting protein synthesis
Name examples of steroid abx
fusidic acid
What does fusidic acid do?
Inhibits protein synthesis
What do Oxazolidonones do?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit.
Name examples of oxazolidonones
Linezolid and Tedizolid
What are examples of lincosamides?
clarithromycin and lincomycin
What do lincosamides do?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit
Which abx classes target folate matabolism?
Sulfonamides and DHFR inhibitors
Name examples of sulfonamides
Sulfisoxazole and sulfamethoxazole
What do sulfonamides do?
Compete with PABA and inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
Name an example of DHFR inhibitors
Trimethoprim
What do DHFR inhibitors do?
Inhibits dihydrofolate synthase
