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Drugs > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-Lactams
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, tiracillium, imipenem, aztreonam
-Gram +, gram -, anaerobes
-inhibit cell wall synthesis
-CIDAL
-TIME
-Renal

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2
Q

Beta-Lactams
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-distributes to ECM,
(imepenum - BBB)
-resistance: inactivation of betalactamase, methicillin resistance
-ANTAGONIST with drugs that slow growth, GI, hypersensitivity, seizures, renal dz

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3
Q

Cephalosporins
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A
  1. cefazolin/cephalexin, 2. cefoxitin (anaerobes), 3. cefpodoxime, cefotaxine, ceftiofur, cefovecin
    - gram +, gram -, anerobes
    -inhibit cell wall synthesis
    -CIDAL
    -TIME
    -Renal
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4
Q

Cephalosporins
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-water-soluble to the ECF
-3rd generation- penetrate to CNS
-each increase in generation becomes more resistance to beta-lactamase
-good for skin, urinary, respiratory
-diarrhea, hypersensitivity, thrombocytopenia, endotoxin, seizure

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin
-gram - > gram +
-targets and binds bacterial ribosome 30s
- NEVER WITH ERYTHROMYCIN/PENICILLIN
-CIDAL
-Concentration
-RENAL

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-distributed to ECF
- water-soluble, weak base- likes alkaline environment
-altered ribosome binding
-nephrotoxicity, dose-dependent neuromuscular blockade, risk of hypercalcemia

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7
Q

Fluoroquinolones
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-enrofloxacin, marbofloxicin, pradofloxicin, ciprofloxacin
-Gram +, gram - (anaerobes-pradofloxicin)
-inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) - DNA synthesis
-CIDAL
-Concentration
-enterohepatic circulation, RENAL

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8
Q

Fluoroquinolines
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

lipid soluble accumulates in phagocytic WBCs
-prostate, TBW, urine
-genetic mutations in target topoisomerase enzymes
-effects cartilage, GI upset, retinal degeneration in cats

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9
Q

TMS (sulfonamides, pyrimethamines)
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-Gram -, gram +, anerobes (potentiated)
-inhibit folic acid synthesis
-CIDAL
-TIME
-enterohepatic circulation, RENAL

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10
Q

TMS
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-TBW, prostate, CNS, urine
-inactivated in abscesses
-plasma mediated - ability of host to make folic acid
-KCS, aplastic anemia, cytopenia

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11
Q

Tetracycline
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-doxycycline, minocycline, oxycycline
-gram -, gram +, anerobes, cell wall deficient rickettsial, protozoa, mycoplasma
-targets bacterial ribosome 30s
-STATIC
-Time
-enterohepatic circulation
-Doxy/mino- biliary

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12
Q

Tetracycline
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-Oxy- moderate penetration
-Doxy/mino- lipid soluble, cross BBB, penetrate CSF
-altered binding sites
-inhibits MMP, discoloration of teeth, esophagitis in cats, GI upset, anemia
- Do not give with antacids, sucralfate, aspirin, calcium supplement

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13
Q

Phenicols
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-Chloramphenicols
-gram +, gram -, anerobes
-targets bacterial ribosome 50s (inhibits peptidyl transferase)
-STATIC
-TIME
-hepatic metabolism (glucuronidation)

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14
Q

Phenicols
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-lipid soluble, prostate, TBW, CSF
-distruction (acetylation) and drug by microbial enzymes
-aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression

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15
Q

Macrolides
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-azithromycins, erythromycin, tylosin, clarithromycin
-gram +, anerobes (erythromycin)
-targets bacterial ribosome 50s (inhibits peptidyl transferase)
-STATIC
-TIME
-enterohepatic recirculation, biliary (feces)

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16
Q

Macrolides
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-accumulates in phagocytic WBCs, bile, bronchial secretions
-altered ribosomal targets
-digoxin toxicity, GI, may inhibit cP450 drugs

17
Q

Lincosamides
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-clindamycin
-gram +, anerobic
-targets bacterial ribosome 50s (inhibits peptidyl transferase)
-STATIC
-TIME
-LIVER

18
Q

Lincosamides
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-skin, bone, prostate, biofilm
-efficacy reduces when given with macrolides or chloramphenicol

19
Q

Nitromidazoles
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

Metronidazole
-anerobes
-impairs RNA and DNA synthesis
-CIDAL
-CONCENTRATION
-LIVER

20
Q

Nitromidazole (metro)
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-well distributed to all body tissues and BBB
-aerobes and faculative anerobes are resistant
-discolor urine, GI, hepatotoxicty, nephrotoxicity

21
Q

Oxazolidinones
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-linezolid
-Gram +, anerobes, drug of choice for gram + resistance infections
-Binds to 50s and 70s ribosomal subunits to prevent protein synthesis
-Static: staph and enterococci, CIDAL: strep
-TIME
-Renal

22
Q

Oxazolidinones
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-accumulates in bone, lung, vegetations, hematoma, CSF
-MAOI - caution with serotonergic drugs
-myleosuppression

23
Q

Rifamycin
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-rifampin
-gram + staph
-inhibits B subunits of DNA dependent, RNA polymerase, suppresses RNA synthesis
-STATIC
-CONCENTRATION
-Liver

24
Q

Rifamycin
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-lipid soluble (tissues), Bile, CSF, accumulates in WBCs
-rapid resistance, use in combination of other drugs
-red/orange secretions, GI, liver, do not give in MDR-1 mutation dogs

25
Q

Glycopeptide
-Spectrum
-MOA
-Cidal/Static
-Time/Concentration
-Elimination

A

-vacomycin
-gram +, anerobes
-target cell wall synthesis
-CIDAL
-TIME
-RENAL

26
Q

Glycopeptide
-Distribution
-Resistance
-Adverse effects

A

-most tissues, CSF (inflammation), urine
-S. Aureus: clogging cell wall, E. faecalis: synthesis of new proteins to interfere
-nephrotoxic, bone marrow, ototoxicity
-only use based on culture

Drugs (3 decks)

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