Antibiotics Flashcards
First line antibiotic classes
Beta lactam penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)
Tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, doxycycline)
Trimethoprim/sulfonamides (TMPS)
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)
Second line antibiotic classes
1G & 2G cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefuroxime)
Chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol)
Lincosamides (clindamycin)
Macrolides (erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin)
Third line antibiotic classes (i.e., should only be used if indicated by culture & sensitivity)
Fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin)
3G & 4G cephalosporins (ceftiofur)
Side effects of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxic, ototoxic in middle/inner ear
Side effects of fluoroquinolones
Can damage cartilage in young animals, retinal degeneration in cats (enrofloxacin)
Side effects of tetracyclines
Nephrotoxic, discoloration of teeth, delayed bone growth/healing, photosensitivity
Side effects of TMPS
KCS, immune complex reactions (polyarthritis, anemia, thrombocytopenia), hepatic necrosis (rare)
Side effects of chloramphenicol
Bone marrow depression, fatal aplastic anemia in humans
Side effects of lincosamides
Esophageal irritation/stricture, anorexia, rash/utricaria, contraindicated in herbivores (horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, etc.)
Side effects of macrolides
Hepatotoxicity, severe GI upset
Side effects of penicillins
Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, hypotension (esp. if under GA)
Side effects of cephalosporins
Cross-reaction with penicillin hypersensitivity, urticaria, lethargy
Penicillins - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Cidal, time
Cephalosporins - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Cidal, time
Tetracyclines - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Static, time
TMPS - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Cidal, time
Nitroimidazoles - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Static/cidal depending on concentration
Chloramphenicol - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Static, time
Lincosamides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Static
Macrolides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Static, time
Aminoglycosides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Cidal, concentration
Fluoroquinolones - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?
Cidal, concentration
Which antibiotics have limited to no efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria?
Macrolides (ex. erythromycin)
Lincosamides (ex. clindamycin)
Penicillins
Which antibiotics work best against Gram-negative baceria?
Aminoglycosides
Fluroquinolones
3G&4G cephalosporins
Which antibiotics have limited to no efficacy against anaerobic bacteria?
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Give an example of a Beta lactam antibiotic
Penicillin
Give an example of a 1G cephalosporin
Cephalexin
Give an example of a 2G cephalosporin
Cefuroxime
Give an example of a 3G cephalosporin
Cefovecin
Give an example of a 4G cephalosporin
Cefquinome
Give an example of a tetracyline
Doxycycline
Give an example of a trimethoprim/sulfonmide
Trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole (TMPS)
Give an example of a nitroimidazole
Metronidazole
Give an example of a phenicol
Chloramphenicol
Give an example of a lincosamide
Clindamycin
Give an example of a macrolide
Erythromycin
Give an example of an aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
Give an example of a fluoroquinolone
Enrofloxacin
