Antibiotics Flashcards
Therapeutic action
- bactericidal
- inhibit protein synthesis
- used against strains of gram negative bacteria
Aminoglycosides
Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides
- poorly absorbed in GI tract
- rapidly absorbed after IM
- widely distributed in body
- crosses placenta and enters breast milk
- excreted unchanged in urine
Contraindications/ Cautions for Aminoglycosides
- allergy
- Hepatic Disease
- Renal Disease
- Preexisting Hearing Loss
- Myasthenia gravis or Parkinsonism
- Lactation
AE of Aminoglycosides
- ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
In the GI
- Nausea, Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, stomatitis, and hepatic toxicity
In the Heart
- palpitations
- hypotension
- hypertension
Hypersensitvity reactions
- purpura
- rash
- urticaria
- exfoliative dermatitis
Therapeutic Action and Indication
- bactericidal
- new class of broad spectrum antibiotics
- treats serious intra abdominal, urinary tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gynecological infections
- used for strains of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and E. coli
Carbapenems
Pharmacokinetics of Carbapenems
- rapidly absorbed through IM
- widely distributed throughout the body
- not known if it can cross placenta or breast milk
- excreted unchanged in urine
Contraindications/ Cautions of Cabapenems
- allergy
- seizure disorders
- meningitis
- lactation
- caution during pregnancy
- Ertapenem not recommended for pt below 18 yrs old
AE of Cabapenems
- dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
- superinfections
- seizures
CNS
- headache
- dizziness
- altered mental state
Therapeutic Action and Indication
- Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic
Cephalosporins
Pharmacokinetics of Cephalosporins
- well absorbed in GI
- primarily metabolized in the liver
- crosses placenta and enters breast milk
Effectiveness of Cephalosporins generation against strains
1st gen: PEck
2nd gen: HENPeCK
3rd gen: HENPeCKS
4th gen: under developement
Cephalosporin Generation Identification
1st gen: “FA/PHA”
2nd gen: “everything else” except for Cefaclor and Cefuroxime
3rd gen: “ONE/ TEN/ IME” except for Cefdinir and Moxalactam
4th gen: “PI”
5th gen: “ROL”
Contraindications and Cautions of Cephalosporins
- allergies to it or penicillins
- caution for pt with hepatic or renal impairment
- caution for pregnant or lactating pt
AE of Cephalosporins
GI tract
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and flatulence
CNS sx
- headache, dizziness, lethargy, and paresthesias
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Superinfection
Therapeutic Action and Indication
- interferes with cell wall division
- treats streptococcal infections like pharyngitis, tonsilitis, and others
- treats meningococcal meningitis at high doses
Penicillins
