anti-infectives Flashcards
cross-sensitivity with penicillins (amoxicillin)
cephalosporins (cephalexin)
cross-sensitivity with cephalosporins (cephalexin)
penicillins (amoxicillin)
can take with food if GI upset
cephalexin (cephalosporins)
watch for:
* Stevens Johnson Syndrome
* GI effects
* rash
* kernicteris
trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole
(sulfonamides)
- Stains teeth (give through straw)
- Hepatotoxin
tetracycline
- Ototoxic (1st sign is tinnitus and h/a)
- nephrotoxic
- need to monitor peak and trough
Gentamycin (aminoglycosides)
antibiotics that require peak and trough monitoring
- gentamycin
- vancomycin
how long after admin to measure peak if IV
15-30 min
how long after admin to measure peak if IM
30-60 min
how long after admin to measure peak if PO
about 60 min
when to measure trough
just before next dose
can cause:
* abdominal pain
* QT prolongation
azithromycin (macrolides)
- phototoxic
- can cause confusion
- avoid if myasthenia gravis
- Can cause candida
- Can cause tendon rupture
ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
- vesicant (give slowly through central access to prevent Red Man Syndrome)
- ototoxic
- renal toxicity
- monitor peak and trough
vancomycin (glycopeptide)
oral form used to treat cdiff
vancomycin (glycopeptide)
caution:
* Renal failure
* Elderly
imipenem (carbapenem)
- hepatoxic
- teratogenic
nitrofurantoin (urinary tract antiseptic
- neurotoxic
- used for H pylori
- used for cdiff
metronidazole (nitroimidazole)
acyclovir (anti viral)
side effects
- GI upset
- vertigo
- h/a
- stinging (topical use)
acyclovir (anti viral)
adverse effects
- neurotoxin
- renal impairment
