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Antibiotics > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

MALT - P
Macrolides (50s)
Aminoglycosides (30s)
Lincosamides (50s)
Tetracyclines (30s)
Phenicols (50s)

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2
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Inhibit DNA/nucleic acid synthesis

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3
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Inhibit folic acid synthesis

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4
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Inhibits nucleic acid/DNA synthesis

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5
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Carbapenems
Glycopeptides
Polymixins (target cell membrane function)

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs

A

SMLT-P
Sulfonamides
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Tetracyclines
Phenicols

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7
Q

Bacteriocidal drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Polymixins
Metronidazole
Glycopeptides
Fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Penicillins
TMS

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8
Q

Time dependent drugs

A

Penicillins
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides
Lincosamides
Phenicols
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Polymixins
Sulfonamides

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9
Q

Concentration dependent drugs

A

FAM:
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram - and pseudomonas
Streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin

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11
Q

Cephalosporins: 1st gen coverage and drug examples

A

G+&raquo_space; G- and moderate anaerobes
Cefazolin, cephalexin

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12
Q

Cephalosporins: 2nd gen coverage and drug examples

A

G+ > G- and good for anaerobes
Cefoxitin (great for anaerobes)

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13
Q

Cephalosporins: 3rd gen coverage and drug examples

A

G - > G+ (except not cocci), excellent for anaerobes
Cefovecin, cefpodoxime

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14
Q

Tetracyclines coverage

A

G+, poor for G - /anaerobes

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15
Q

Penicillins: types and their coverage

A

Naturals: G+ and anaerobes
Aminopenicillins: G +/- and anaerobes
Anti-pseudomonal: pseudomonas
Anti-staphylococcal: G+ and anaerobes. Not MRSA
B-lactamase inhibitors: G +/- and anaerobes

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16
Q

Sulfonamides coverage

A

Gram +/- and anaerobes and Nocardia

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17
Q

Fluoroquinolones coverage

A

G+/- but poor for anaerobes

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18
Q

Macrolides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram + and anaerobes
Azithromycin, tylosin, erythromycin (has some G- coverage)

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19
Q

Carbapenems coverage

A

Gram +/- and anaerobes
Widest coverage

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20
Q

Lincosamides: coverage and drug examples

A

G+ and anaerobes
Clindamycin, lincosamycin

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21
Q

Glycopeptides: coverage and drug examples

A

Gram + and anaerobes
Vancomycin

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22
Q

Chloramphenicol coverage

A

Anaerobes > G+ > G-
Resistance in Pseudomonas

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23
Q

Metronidazole coverage

A

Anaerobes
Antiprotozoal infections

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24
Q

Polymixin coverage

A

Gram - including Pseudomonas

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25
Q

Indications for natural penicillins

A

Clostridial disease, listeriosis, actinomycoses, anaerobic infections

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26
Q

Aminopenicillin indications

A

Cat abscesses, uncomplicated UTI. NOT FOR SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS

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27
Q

Clavamox indications

A

Everything other than CNS, prostate, and bronchus

28
Q

Penicillin side effects

A

Low toxicity
Hypersensitivity and GI

29
Q

Indications for Carbapenems

A

Highly resistant infections, especially MDR G- infections

30
Q

Indications for cephalosporins

A

Susceptible staphylococcus, UTIs, surgical prophylaxis, skin infections, osteomyelitis, discospondylitis

3rd gen reserved for G- and anaerobes, especially enterobacteria

31
Q

Carbapenem side effects

A

GI, CNS, renal failure, hypersensitivity and phlebitis

32
Q

Cephalosporins side effects

A

GI and rare hypersensitivity reactions

33
Q

Fluoroquinolone indications

A

90-100% of respiratory, intestinal, urinary and skin infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
Great for deep-seated infections and IC pathogens

34
Q

Fluoroquinolone side effects

A

GI, cartilage deformities in growing dogs, neurologic abnormalities (seizures when combined with NSAIDs), and ocular disease in cats (retinal degeneration, blindness)

35
Q

Glycopeptides (vancomycin) indications

A

IV MDR staph or enterococcus infections or PO for C. difficile

36
Q

Glycopeptides side effects

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, arrest, hypotension

37
Q

Lincosamide indications

A

Penetrating biofilm with dental disease, strep/staph and anaerobic infections, neutralizing endotoxin, and chronic rhinitis

38
Q

Lincosamides side effects

A

GI
NOT FOR HORSES

39
Q

Chloramphenicol indications

A

Chronic resp inf, brain inf, intraocular inf, dermatitis, UTI (achieves high conc in urine), salmonella/bacteroides

40
Q

Chloramphenicol side effects

A

Immunodeficiency, leukemia, aplastic anemia (dose dep or idiosyncratic)
Do not vaccinate while administering
Avoid cats with CKD

41
Q

Macrolides indications

A

Bronchopneumonia, enteritis, UTI, septic arthritis, mastitis, dermatitis
Babesia gibsoni
Tylosin: chronic colitis, feline URI, SIBO
Mycoplasma

42
Q

Macrolides side effects

A

Vomiting, possible liver issues, pro-motility at low doses

43
Q

Metronidazole indications

A

Anaerobic infections (Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, Clostridium)
IBD
SIBO
Hepatic encephalopathy

44
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

Neurologic disorders, lethargy, weakness, neutropenias, hepatotoxicity, hematuria, GI
Cats: GI, hepatotoxicity, CNS toxicity, teratogenic

45
Q

Tetracyclines indications

A

Atypical bacteria (Rickettsia, Borrelia, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma)
Bronchopneumonia, enteritis, mastitis, dermatitis, tick-borne, MRSA (doxy)

46
Q

Tetracyclines side effects

A

Esophageal stricture
Hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity, anemia, GI, hypotension, negative effects on growing teeth and bone, can impair rapidly dividing cells (80s ribosomal subunit)

47
Q

Polymixin indications

A

Topically for skin inf, Ophtho ointment, endotoxic shock

48
Q

Polymixin side effects

A

SERIOUS NEPHROTOXICITY, CNS toxicity, histamine release

49
Q

Aminoglycosides indications

A

Poor tissue penetration, not really abs in gut
G- inf resistant to B lactams
Overwhelming sepsis
Topical for skin/eye/ear inf

Neomycin: hepatic encephalopathy, GI bacteria
Streptomycin: leptospirosis

50
Q

Aminoglycosides side effects

A

Nephrotoxic (proximal tubule damage, usually reversible), neurotoxic (auditory and vestibular ototoxicity - deafness not reversible)
Neuromuscular blockade and cardiac effects

51
Q

Sulfa drug indications

A

Osteomyelitis, Prostatitis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, staph pyoderma, UTIs
Not good for chronic inf with high bacterial load

52
Q

Sulfa drug side effects

A

Type III hypersensitivity reactions (IMPA, etc)
Doberman and other black/tan breeds predisposed to hypersensitivity
Lacrimal gland toxicity - KCS
Idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis
Aplastic anemia
Thyroid

53
Q

Abx that concentrate in bile

A

Rifampin, doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin

54
Q

Antibiotics that penetrate the prostate

A

Fluoroquinolones, TMS, erythromycin, clindamycin

Also chloramphenicol and doxycycline

55
Q

Antibiotics that cross the BBB

A

Pradofloxacin, rifampin, metronidazole, TMS,
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol
+/- cephalosporins and vancomycin

56
Q

What antibiotic has inherent resistance to G+ bacteria?

A

Polymixin

57
Q

What antibiotics have inherent resistance with anaerobes?

A

Aminoglycosides +/- Fluoroquinolones

58
Q

Aerobes are inherently resistant to what antibiotic?

A

Metronidazole

59
Q

What is MIC

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration, tells bacteriostatic activity

60
Q

What is MBC

A

Minimum bactericidal concentration, tells bactericidal activity

61
Q

A drug is concentration dependent if

A

Cmax is > than MIC by 10-12x

62
Q

Time dependent drugs depend on…

A

The time that the plasma drug concentration (PDC) is above the MIC
PDC should be 2-4x the MIC for much of the dosing interval

63
Q

Antagonistic antibiotics

A

Robosomal inhibitors and beta lactams
Beta lactams rely on protein synthesis and growth of the organism
(Except chloramphenicol and ampicillin are synergistic for staphylococcus)

64
Q

Aminoglycosides are synergistic with

A

Beta-lactams

65
Q

Bacteria that form biofilms

A

Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Actinobacillus, Acinetobacter

Antibiotics (2 decks)

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