Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm EXAM 3 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

administering CISPLATIN to ovarian cancer pt. before administrating infusion you should take which of the following actions
1. infuse 1-2L of IV fluid
2. check clients peripheral pulses
3. administer an anti-emetic
4. evaluate clients hearing
5. determine clients weight

A

1,3,4,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treating a pt who is taking 5-FU for breast cancer. What should you monitor for?
A. Nepfrotoxicity
B. Inflammation of the mouth & skin
C. Hepatoxicity
D. Inflammation of the airway

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria is a single cell organism, can be ____ or ____ shaped

A

cocci, rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gram bacteria is easy to target ?

two layer cell wall

A

Gram POSITIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gram bacteria is difficult to treat?

3 layer cell wall

A

Gram NEGATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram Positive Cocci infects what sites?

8 general sites of infection

A
  • skin
  • soft tissue
  • heart
  • lung
  • bone
  • joints
  • hardware
  • inwelling lines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sites do Gram Negative Rods infect ?

3 general sites of infection

A
  • lung (HCAP, HAP, VAP)
  • any intraabdominal organ
  • gentitourinary system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anaerobes infect what sites?

3 general sites of infection

A
  • Lungs (abscess)
  • Oral cavity
  • any intraabdominal organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sites do Atypicals infect?

1 general site of infection

A

Lung (CAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BACTERICIDALS act by ___ and involve inhibitors of ____, ____ & ____, & _____

A
  • targeting surviving bacteria
  • inhibitors of cell wall synthesis,
  • DNA synthesis & integrity
  • aminoglycosides (AMG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bactericidals that are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

5 meds

A
  • Penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • aztreonam
  • carbapenems
  • vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bactericidals that are inhibitors of DNA synthesis & integrity

2 meds

A
  • fluoroquinolones
  • metronidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BACTERIOSTATIC act on____

A

targets necessary for bacterial growth but NOT survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inhibitors of protein synthesis
(bacteriostatic)

4 meds

A
  • AMG
  • Macrolides
  • Clindamycin
  • Tetracyclines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacteriostatic involves ____, _____, ___

3

A
  • sulfonamides
  • trimethoprim
  • chloramphenicol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bateriostatics may be …..

A

bactericidal at higher concetration but toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Penicillin is an antibiotic that can treat …

A

gram + & -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penicillin prototype drugs include

4 meds

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Penicillin G
  • Nafcillin
  • Piperacillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: penicillin be given to pregnant patients

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

destroy cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Penicillin SE:

A

N/V/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Penicillin ADRs

A
  • C.Diff
  • Candida Albicia (thrush)
  • Penicillin Rash
  • SJS
  • Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Penicillin CONSIDERATIONS

A
  • DONT crush pill
  • oral pills take w/ food
  • can reduce the effects of contraceptives
  • Monitor for skin rash’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is penicillin allergy determined ?

A

only by a patients skin test
Extra info:
* ~98% truned out not allergic
* >85% of 276 physicians reported never consulting allergist or immunologist for antibiotic allergies or skin test
* >40% not aware that penicillin rash can resolve over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Penicillin allergy sings & alternative use

A

hives, laryngeal edema, difficulty breathing
use alternative antibiotics;Aztreonam, or broad spectrum (less effective cost & more SE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why is AMOXICILLIN given with CLAVULANIC ACID? (augmentin)

A

to inhibit bacteria beta lactamase which willl prevent amoxicillin to destroy other enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Does CLAVULANIC ACID help destroy pseudomonas?

A

NO, its least reactive to pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If pt has an allergy to PCN dont give ____ consider giving ____

A

DONT give CEPHALOSPORIN
CONSIDER giving **AZTREONAM **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What should you always check/ask before administration

not the patient rights but ask for ….

A

what the ALLERGIES is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Whats a SUPER INFECTION?

A

Overuse of antibiotics tied to rise in serious infections such as C.Diff or pseudomembranous colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What meds can cause Superinfection ?

6

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Amoxicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Cephalosporins Penicillin
  • Erythromycin
  • Quinolones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS are similar to ____ and are ___

A

PCN (like sisters)
A beta lactam, stronger med as it can cover more gram+ & - bacteria

33
Q

MRSA can be treated with ____

A

Ceftaroline

34
Q

Cephalosporins SE

A

N/V/D

35
Q

Cephalosporins ADRs:

what to monitor & avoid

A

Monitor for C.Diff
If given IV must be diluted & monitor BUN & Creatine
NO Alcohol!!! (can cause disulfiram-like reaction)

36
Q

What s a disulfiram-like reaction?

A

N/V, flushing, dizziness, HA, abdominal discomfort
general hungover symptoms

37
Q

What should you monitor if taking Cefotetan? (cephalosporin)

A

Must monitor prothrombin time, INR & PTT

38
Q

Monobactam: **Azactam ** MOA

A

weaken & destroy cell wall

39
Q

Azactam SE (2) & monitor for (2)

A
  • pain , thromnophlebitis & inflammation at IV site
  • watch for C.Diff & Anaphylaxis
40
Q

Carbapenems: IMIPENEM, MEROPENEM
MOA

-penem

A
  • Beta lactam; destroys cell wall of gram + & - and anerobic bacteria
  • Great for GI infections
41
Q

SE of carbapenems

A

N/V/D

42
Q

Carbapenems ADRs:

monitor and avoid

A
  • Watch for C.Diff & Candida Albicia
  • decrease rate through IV to avoid ADR
  • DONT give if patient has PCN or Ceph ALLERGY
43
Q

Vancomycin is a ____

A

bactericidal

44
Q

Vancomycin is used ONLY for ____, ____, & to treat _____

A

Gram +
MRSA
& C.Diff

45
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

destroys cell wall by attacking transpeptidase

46
Q

Vancomycin SE:

A

N/V/D

47
Q

Vancomycin ADRs

A
  • Nephrotoxic
  • Tachycardia, hypotension, rash pruritis, urticaria, flushing (RED MAN SYNDROME) => STOP infusion
  • Ototoxicity (tinnitus)
  • IV form infuse over 1 hr
  • ALWAYS monitor trough levels (q4-6h)
48
Q

Tetracycline: DOXYCLINE & MINOCYCLINE
MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis which inhibits transfer of RNA

49
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

N/V/D

50
Q

Tetracylcine ADRs

A
  • DONT give to kids under 8; can cause bone suppression & teeth staining
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • watch for C.Diff & Candida
  • Photosensitive
51
Q

Considerations for Tetracycline

A

DONT give to PREGNANT pts.

52
Q

Interventions for Tetracyclines

6 total

A
  • take w/ non dairy food (med interacts w/ calcium)
  • ensure pt is NOT pregnant
  • Monitor LIVER functions
  • Best if given 1-2 hrs post eating
  • DONT take w/ Antacid (d/t calcium)
  • will reduce effectiveness of contraceptives
53
Q

Macrolides: ERYTHROMYCIN & AZITHROMYCIN
MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis

54
Q

Macrolides SE

A

N/V/D, HA, dizziness

55
Q

Macrolides ADRs

A
  • monitor for ventricular dysrhythmias (rare); prolonged QT intervals
  • Ototoxicity
  • watch for C.Diff & Candida
56
Q

Interventions for Macrolides

A
  • Monitor LIVER & KIDNEY functions
  • Long-term use: Monitor EKG for QT prolongation
  • Macrolides utilize CPY3A enzymes, therefore monitor pt. closely who are taking CCB, HIV meds*
  • will increase digoxin, warfarin, & theophylline levels
57
Q

Aminoglycosides: GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN, NEOMYCIN, STREPTOMYCIN
MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis

58
Q

Aminoglycosides treats ___

A

gram NEGATIVE bacilli

59
Q

Aminoglycosides ADRs

A

Ototoxicity & Nephrotoxicity

60
Q

Aminoglycosides overall Interventions

A

monitor for tinnitus, HA or vertigo (ototoxicity)
Monitor BUN, Creatine & Urine Output
Drink plenty of water
DONT give with PCN or CPH or Vancomycin

61
Q

Interventions for giving Tobramycin IV

A

Monitor urine output
Closely monitor creatine & BUN

62
Q

Streptomycin can be given for ____. ADRs include…

A

TB
deafness (ototoxicity) & decrease urine output (nephrotoxicity)

63
Q

Fluoroquinolones: CIPROGLOXACIN & MOXIGLOXACIN
MOA

A

inhibits the 2 enzymes necessary for cell division, DNA gyrase & topisomerase

64
Q

Fluoroquinolones treats…..

A

anthrax, aerobic, gram - & +, & anerobic bacteria

65
Q

Fluroquinoles SE

A

N/V/D/ HA, dizziness

66
Q

Fluroquinoles ADRs

DIRTY MED

A
  • dizziness, HA, confusion (in older adults)
  • QT prolongations
  • rupture of achilles tension
  • Avoid Cipro w/ kids d/t damages cartilage (generally avoid all fluro with kids)
  • Photosensitivity
  • Seizure, Increase ICP
  • C.Diff & Candida
  • SI
  • Hepatoxicity
67
Q

Fluroquinoles Interventions

A
  • Monitor for CNS symptoms
  • d/c med if any symptoms occur
  • teach to wear extra layer while outside (will get sunburned)
  • AVOID caffeine while taking med
  • take TUMS, supplement dairy products 2 hrs after or 6 hrs before taking Cipro
68
Q

Sulfonamides: SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHROPRIM
MOA

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis

69
Q

Sulfonamides systemic use causes what

A

ADR

70
Q

Sulfonamides SE

A

N/V/D

71
Q

Sulfonamides ADR:

A
  • SJS (fatal skin disorder causing agranulocytosis, anemia, & thrombocytopenia)
  • C.Diff & Candida
  • Nephrotoxic
  • DONT give to infants or pregnant pts
72
Q

Sulfonamides interventions

A
  • Take w/ food
  • Monitor for CBC for changes in erythrocytes, leukocytes or platelets
  • DONT give w/ pts who have megablastic anemia
  • Monitor KIDNEY & LIVER functions
  • Reduce the effect of oral contraceptives
  • TEACH about adequate hydration it can prevent ADR
73
Q

Methenamine is a _med that treats __.

A
  • Urinary Tract Anti-septic med
  • treats gram + & -, concentrated in the urine
74
Q

Methenamine, Nitrofurantoin
MOA

A

interfere w/ RNA & DNA producing enzyme

75
Q

Methenamine SE

A

N/V/D

76
Q

Methenamine ADRs

A
  • pulmonary distress (dyspnea, chest pain, chills) => lead to pulmonary damage
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • blood cell deficiencies (monitor CBC)
  • can cause stains on teeth
77
Q

Methenamine interventions

A
  • monitor respiratory symptoms
  • monitor signs of neuropathy ( especially w/ ppl w/ kidney damage)
  • take w/ food or fluids
  • brush teeth frequently to avoid staining
  • DONT give to pregnant pt or infants
78
Q

Nursing considerations for ALL Anti-biotics

A
  • Always educate pt on how to take med
  • Monitor for ADR, SUPER INFECTIONS; C.Diff, Candida
  • Monitor lab work
  • DONT DRINK w/ ALCOHOL
  • Always watch for repiratory status w/ all med. can be anaphylaxis

Pharm EXAM 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions