ANTIBIOTICS

Question 1

Who discovered P. notatum

Answer 1

1929- Fleming

Question 2

isolated and introduced penicillin
in therapy

Answer 2

1938- Florey and Chain

Question 3

discovered that anthrax culture were
killed by another living organism- antibiosis

Answer 3

Pasteur and Joubert

Question 4

gave the formal definition

Answer 4

1942- Waksman

Question 5

Antibiotics MOA:

Answer 5

Inhibitors of Cell Wall synthesis
Inhibitors of Protein synthesis
Inhibitors of Nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibitors of microbial Cell membranes

Question 6

Inhibitors of Cell Wall synthesis

Answer 6

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
Vancomycin
Bacitracin

Question 7

Inhibitors of Protein synthesis

Answer 7

(50S) Chloramphenicol, Macrolides and Lincosamides
(30S) Aminoglycoside and Tetracycline

Question 8

Inhibitors of Nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 8

Actinomycin
Griseofulvin

Question 9

Inhibitors of microbial Cell membranes

Answer 9

polymyxin
gramicidin

Question 10

The active component of an antibiotic?

Answer 10

Beta Lactam Ring

Question 11

Beta Lactam Ring + with 5-membered thiazolidine ring

Answer 11

PENICILLIN

Question 12

Beta Lactam Ring + with 6-membered dihydrothiazine ring

Answer 12

CEPHALOSPORIN

Question 13

what is the 4 antibiotics with beta lactam ring

Answer 13

PENICILLIN
CEPHALOSPORIN
CARBAPENEMS
MONOBACTAMS

Question 14

Beta lactam ring produces an inactive_____

ALLERGENICITY:
- Rash or itching, or delayed onset CV collapse or shock
- Due to penicilloic acid reacting with lysine-amino group
forming____

Answer 14

penicilloic acid (1)
Penicilloyl proteins (2)

Question 15

Beta lactams are also _____, and ____
by a more complex mechanism.

Answer 15

acid sensitive (1)
degrade at low pH (2)

Question 16

are group of enzymes specifically designed to
degrade and inactivate beta lactam antibiotics by directly
attacking the beta lactam bond which leads to ring opening and
inactivating the antibiotic.

Answer 16

B-lactamases

Question 17

are also a variety enzymes that have been
isolated from some bacteria, and these enzymes cleave
the acylamino sidechain of the antibiotic à inactive

Answer 17

Acylases

Question 18

the most protein bound antibiotic?

Answer 18

Nafcillin

Question 19

protein bound antibiotic w/ 25 – 30%

Answer 19

Amoxicillin and Ampicillin

Question 20

responsible for protein binding of penicillin

Answer 20

Acylamino side chain

Question 21

cell lysis (amoxicillin, cephalosporin)

Answer 21

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 1

Question 22

these are the beta-lactam receptors.

Answer 22

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP)

Question 23

non-rigid, oval-shaped cells, no cell division
(methicillin and cefotaxime)

Answer 23

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 2

Question 24

long, filamentous-shaped (mezlocillin and
cefuroxime)

Answer 24

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 3

Question 25

no lethal effects

Answer 25

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 4 – 6

Question 26

Pen G and Pen V which are highly.
active against gram (+) cocci

Unit of activity is based on the antibiotic activity of 0.5µg of
USP Pen G RS
– 1 mg PEN G Na = 1,667 U
– 1 mg of PEN G - 1,530 U
– 1 mg of PEN Procaine – 1,009 U

Answer 26

Natural Penicillin

Question 27

These are less potent against bacteria that do not produce.
beta lactamase but are effective against those that do. They are sufficiently acid stable to be taken orally.

Answer 27

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins/Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins

Question 28

use Infection by β-lactamase producing staphylococci

Answer 28

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins