Antibiotics Flashcards
What is a bactericidal?
Drug that kills bacteria
What is an antibacterial?
Drug that kills or inhibits growth of bacteria
What is a bacteriostatic?
Drug which prevents growth of bacteria
What is empirical treatment?
Antibiotic therapy commenced before identifying the causative organism
What pathogens commonly cause UTIs?
Ecoli and klebsiella
What pathogens commonly cause gastroenteritis?
C diff, salmonella, shigella, ecoli, campylobacter
What pathogens commonly cause pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae, viruses, staph aureus and haemophilus influenzae
Strep A and B are…
Beta haemolytic and gram +ve
What colour would campylobacter appear under gram stain?
Pink/red
What colour would staph aureus appear under gram staining?
Purple/blue
How do beta lactam antibiotics destroy bacteria cell walls?
Competitively inhibiting transpeptidase which is responsible for catalysing the amino acid crosslink bonds in the cell wall of bacteria
What are the four types of beta lactam antibiotics?
Penicillins, carbapenams, cephalosporins, monobactams
Name some antibiotics that are bacteriostatic, inhibiting the protein synthesis of bacteria?
Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines
What process does gentamicin inhibit in bacteria?
Protein synthesis
What process does co-trimoxazole inhibit?
Folate synthesis
Why are some antibiotics combined together?
Their actions are synergistic so they are more effective when given together
Name some antibiotics that bind to DNA/RNA
Quinolones (floxacins), metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, rifampicin
