antibiotics

Question 1

what are antibiotics

Answer 1

• substances which can inhibit growth or destroy bacteria or fungi
• produced by living organisms: demonstrate selective toxicity

Question 2

bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 2

inhibit growth (reproduction) or bacterial cells by stopping synthesis: acts on ribosomes

Question 3

bactericidal antibiotics

Answer 3

directly destroys bacterial cells by interfering will synthesis of cell wall: acts on peptidoglycan

Question 4

penicillin

Answer 4

• bactericidal antibiotic in a group called beta lactams
• competitive enzyme inhibitor for glycoprotein peptidases which catalyse formation of peptide bond between peptidoglycan chain
• causes constant influx of water by osmosis: osmotic lysis

Question 5

antibiotic resistance

Answer 5

• increased prescription and use leads to increased selection pressure
• random mutation for genes that code for proteins not affected by antibiotics
• beta-lactamase: breaks down penicillin
  solutions: reduce dosage, use in farming, aseptic hospital conditions, length of treatments, bad hygiene, selling w/o prescription and increase use narrow spectrum antibiotics

Question 6

vertical transfer

Answer 6

chromosomes and plasmid are replicated in cell division and passed onto offspring

Question 7

horizontal transfer

Answer 7

conjugation, plasmid copied and given to recipient cell

Question 8

infectious diseases

Answer 8

state that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and are transmissible