Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonary Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What medications inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A

Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens when cell wall synthesis is inhibited?

A

Weaking of the cell wall, influx of fluid into the cell, cell swells and bursts, cell lysis and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the beta lactam antibiotics?

A

Sulfabactam, Clavulanic acid, tazobactam, and avibactam. Can be added with other medications to target bacteria that secrete beta lactamase that normally wouldn’t be killed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common combinations for beta-lactamase inhibitors?

A

Ampicillin-Sulbacam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Ticarillin-Clavulanic acid, Pipracillin-Tazobactam, and Ceftazidime-Avidbactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Penicillin class MOA

A

Disrupts synthesis of the cell wall by inhibiting the transpeptidases essential for synthesis. Activates autolysis. Bacteria must be growing and dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adverse effects of penicillin class

A

Urticaria, pruritis, angioedema, GI distress, rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indications for penicllins

A

Gonorrhea, UTI, Peritonitis, Pneumonia and respiratory infections, Septicemia, Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Different types of penicillin

A

Natural Penicillins (PCN G and V), Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (nafcillin), Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin), extended-spectrum penicillins (piperacillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Natural Penicillin med

A

PCN G and PCN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin med

A

nafcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aminopenicillin meds

A

amoxicillin and ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Extended-spectrum penicillin meds

A

piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Penicillin G and V (Natural)

A

-Given IV/Im
-Works on gram positive and negative
-Half life 30 minutes
-Can be used with aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nafcillin (Penicillinase resistant PCNs)

A

-Drug of choice for PCNs
-IV ONLY
-Resistant breakdown by penicillinase enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ampicillin (Aminopenicillin)

A

-Diarrhea and rash common SE
-Given PO or IV (if oral amoxicillin is better option)
-Renal sensitive
-Commonly given with sulbactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amoxicillin (Aminopenicillin)

A

-Common for peds pts
-Only given PO
-Common for ear, nose, throat, GI and skin infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Piperacillin (Extended spectrum)

A

-ALWAYS given with a beta lactamase inhibitor
-Anti-pseudomonal
-Affects platelet function
-Good for pseudomonas infections
-Monitor renal dysfunction pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cephalosporins class MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis through same binding proteins as penicillin –> activates autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Generations of cephalosporins

A

5 generations. Increase the spectrum, activity, and ability to penetrate CNS the higher the number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cross sensitivity

A

If you are allergic to one thing, you’re more likely to be allergic to another. PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Common adverse effects for all cephalosporins

A

mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritis, redness, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin and cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cefazolin

A

-Works well for gram +
-Staph and non enterococcal strep infections
-Given IV only
-Common for surgical prophylaxis

24
Q

Cephalexin

A

-Works well for gram +
-Staph and non enterococcal strep infections
-PO or IV

25
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime and Cefotetan

26
Q

Cefuroxime

A

-Gram + and - coverage
-IV and PO
-Does not kill anerobic bacteria

27
Q

Cefotetan

A

-Gram + and -
-IV and PO

28
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxine

29
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

-most potent fighting against gram - but still works on +
-IV and IM injection only
-EXTREMELY long-acting (once per day dosing)
-Able to cross blood brain barrier (treat meningitis)
-DO NOT GIVE TO PT WITH LIVER FAILURE

30
Q

Ceftazidime

A

-More potent on - but still works on +
-IV and IM injection only
-Works well for pseudomonas

31
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Cefepime

32
Q

Cefepime

A

-Works against - and +
-Crosses BBB

33
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

34
Q

Ceftaroline

A

-Treats MRSA and MSSA, works against some VRSA/VISA
-Needs to be renally dosed
-IV ONLY

35
Q

Carbapenems MOA

A

Bactericidal and cell wall inhibitor

36
Q

Carbapenem meds

A

imipenem/cilastin and meropenem

37
Q

What is the broadest spectrum of antibiotics?

A

Carbapenems

38
Q

Carbapenem AE

A

drug-induced seizures

39
Q

Carbapenem route

A

IV. MUST BE INFUSED OVER 60 MIN

40
Q

Imipenem/Cilastin

A

MOA- binds to penicillin-binding proteins –> inhibits the cell wall synthesis (VERY resistant to beta-lactamas)
-IV only
-Can penetrate BBB
-Used for complicated infections
-MOST broad spectrum
-Cilastin is an inhibitor enzyme that breaks down imipenem

41
Q

Meropenem

A

-Less coverage than imipenem
-Gram - and +
-Doesn’t degrade in the kidneys
-less seizure activity
-Rash and diarrhea common SE

42
Q

CRE

A

Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae

43
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

-Destroys by binding to bacterial cell wall, producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death

44
Q

What is vancomycin?

A

glycopeptide antibiotic

45
Q

Vancomycin

A

-Works on gram + (MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus)
-Oral is given to treat C.diff –> may still need IV antibiotic
-Doesn’t work on CNS infections
-Decrease doses for renal dysfunction (eliminated in kidneys)

46
Q

Toxic side effects of Vancomycin

A

Ototoxicity, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, nephrotoxic, red-man syndrome

47
Q

Red man syndrome S/S

A

Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension

48
Q

What to do if someone develops red man syndrome

A

Infuse vancomycin slowly and over longer time periods

49
Q

When do you draw a peak?

A

30 minutes after medication administered, or when it theoretically should be the highest concentraion

50
Q

When do you draw a trough?

A

Right before administering another dose of meds

51
Q

What meds cross the BBB?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd), Cefepime (4th) and Ceftaroline (3rd) <– cephalosporins, imioenem/cilastin <– carbapenem

52
Q

What med works best for gram - bacteria?

A

cefuroxime, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxine

53
Q

Works well for gram +

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

54
Q

Antimicrobial classes

A

aminoglycosides, lincosamides: clindamycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, metronidazole

55
Q

Antimicrobials work by…

A

inhibiting or altering protein synthesis in transcription or translation

56
Q

Aminoglycoside meds

A

gentamycin, amikacin, tobramycin

57
Q

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, amikacin, and tobramycin)

A

-Works well on gram -
-Can work on gram + but needs another antibiotic for synergistic effect
-Used for UTIs, pyelonephritis, gynecological infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, PNA, osteomyelitis
-SE: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
-Monitor therapeutic levels
-Start 3x a day dosing and transition to 1x a day

Pulmonary Pharmacology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions