Antibiotics Flashcards
How do Sulphonamides function?
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors (inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase).
Trimethoprim is related (inhibits dihydrofolate reductase)
What is co-trimoxazole made up of?
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (sulphonamide) - both working to inhibit folic acid synthesis.
Mechanism of Quinolones?
Inhibit DNA gyrase (inhibiting supercoiled bacterial DNA)
Example(s) of quinolones?
Ciprofloxacin
Mechanism of the 5-nitroimidazoles?
Inhibit DNA synthesis and/or damage DNA
Example(s) of the 5-nitroimidazoles?
Metronidazole
How does Rifampicin work, what is it used to treat?
Prevents RNA transcription that is dependent on DNA. Used to treat TB in combination with other medicines.
When should you use bacteriocidal agents instead of bacteriostatic?
Immunocompromised patients
- AIDS
- Steroids
- Chemo
- Immunosuppressants
What are the antibiotic calsses that inhibit Nucleic acid synthesis/
Sulphonamides (and Trimethoprim)
Quinolones
5-nitroimidazoles
Rifampicin
What are the antibiotic classes that inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
What are the types of drugs that have B-lactam rings?
Penicillins and Cephalosporins and Carbapenems
Mechanism of action of the penicillins?
Prevent cross-linkage in cell walls.
Most important reaction of the penicillins?
Hypersensitivity - anaphylaxis
What are the antibiotic classes that work to inhibit protein synthesis?
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
(Linezolid & Chloramphenicol)
Examples of the tetracyclines?
Tetracycline and doxycycline
