Antibiotics

Question 1

Beta-lactam antibiotic examples

Answer 1

Amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, piperacillin, aztreonam, flucloxacillin, cefuroxime, cephatriaxone

Question 2

Mechanism of co-amoxiclav

Answer 2

Amoxicillin is a beta lactam and clavulanic acid prevents breakdown of amoxicillin

Question 3

Macrolide antibiotic examples

Answer 3

Erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin

Question 4

Mechanism of beta-lactams

Answer 4

Inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis

Question 5

Carbapenem antibiotic examples

Answer 5

Meropenem, ertapenem

Question 6

Mechanism of action of macrolides

Answer 6

Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis via ribosomal subunit binding

Question 7

Mechanism of action of carbapenems

Answer 7

Inhibition of peptide cross-linking

Question 8

Glycopeptide antibiotic examples

Answer 8

Vancomycin, teicoplanin

Question 9

Mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics

Answer 9

Cell wall synthesis inhibition

Question 10

Aminoglycoside antibiotic example

Answer 10

Gentamicin

Question 11

Mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics

Answer 11

Binding to 30s of ribosomal subunit leading to misreading of genetic code and inhibition of translocation

Question 12

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic examples

Answer 12

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Question 13

Mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones

Answer 13

Inhibition of DNA replication

Question 14

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor example

Answer 14

Trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole

Question 15

Mechanism of action of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

Answer 15

DNA synthesis inhibitor

Question 16

Tetracycline antibiotic example

Answer 16

Doxycycline

Question 17

Mechanism of action of tetracycline antibiotics

Answer 17

Inhibition of protein synthesis via ribosomal binding

Question 18

First line for lower UTI

Answer 18

PO Nitrofurantoin

Question 19

First line for acute prostatitis

Answer 19

PO Ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim if unable to take fluoroquinolones

Question 20

First line for pyelonephritis

Answer 20

PO cefalexin or ciprofloxacin

Question 21

First line for CAUTI with no upper UTI symptoms

Answer 21

Amoxicillin if culture susceptible, nitrofurantoin

Question 22

First line for CAUTI with upper UTI symptoms

Answer 22

Cefalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav/trimethoprim if susceptible

Question 23

First line for impetigo if hydrogen peroxide 1% unsuitable or ineffective

Answer 23

Fusidic acid (topical) or flucloxacillin (oral)

Question 24

First line for cellulitis

Answer 24

PO or IV Flucloxacillin, clarithromycin in penicillin allergy

Question 25

First line for epiglottitis

Answer 25

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

Question 26

First line for infective exacerbation of COPD

Answer 26

PO Amoxicillin, clarithromycin or doxycycline

Question 27

First line for community acquired pneumonia

Answer 27

PO Amoxicillin, clarithromycin in penicillin allergy

Question 28

First line for hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 28

PO Co-amoxiclav or doxycycline in pencillin allergy

Question 29

First line for otitis externa (non-psuedomonas)

Answer 29

Flucloxacillin or clarithromycin in penicillin allergy

Question 30

First line for otitis media

Answer 30

Amoxicillin, or clarithromycin in penicillin allergy

Question 31

First line for purulent conjuncitivitis

Answer 31

Chloramphenicol eye drops

Question 32

First line for complicated acute diverticulitis

Answer 32

IV co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin with metronidazole for penicillin allergy

Question 33

First line for C. difficile

Answer 33

PO Vancomycin

Question 34

Second line for C. difficile

Answer 34

PO Fidaxomicin

Question 35

First line treatment for cholecystitis

Answer 35

PO Ciprofloxacin or gentamicin