Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillin Class

Answer 1

Beta-lactam

Question 2

Gentamicin class

Answer 2

Aminoglycoside

Question 3

Sulfamethoxazole class

Answer 3

Sulfonamide

Question 4

Levofloxacin class

Answer 4

Quinolone

Question 5

Doxycyclin class

Answer 5

Tetracycline

Question 6

Vancomycin class

Answer 6

Glycopeptide

Question 7

Azithromycin class

Answer 7

Macrolide

Question 8

Beta lactam indications

Answer 8

Gram-positive infections caused by e.g. Staphylococcus or Streptococcus

Question 9

Aminoglycoside indications

Answer 9

Mostly Gram-negative infections caused by e.g. Campylobacter and Pseudomonas

Question 10

Sulfonamide indications

Answer 10

Toxoplamsa infections if combined with trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole)

Seldom used now due to extensive resistance

Question 11

Quinolone indications

Answer 11

Broad spectrum of infections caused by e.g. Escherichia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

Question 12

Tetracycline indications

Answer 12

Broad spectrum of infections caused by e.g. Staphylococcus, Neissesia, Chlamyidiacea (and malaria)

Question 13

Glycopeptide indications

Answer 13

Gram-positice infections that are resistant to other antibiotics e.g. S.aureus causing MRSA

Question 14

Macrolide indications

Answer 14

Infections caused by e.g. Toxoplasma, Mycoplasma, Haemophilus and Legionella

Question 15

Beta Lactam MOA

Answer 15

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis - Binds to PBPs, preventing cross-linking of peptides to peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 16

Aminoglycoside MOA

Answer 16

Protein synthesis inhibitor

Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit

Question 17

Sulfonamide MOA

Answer 17

Folate synthesis inhibitor

Binds to bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase

Question 18

Quinolone MOA

Answer 18

Prevents bacterial DNA replication
Inhibits bacterial topoisomerase (gyrase) which is normally responsible for unwinding supercoiled DNA prior to replication

Question 19

Tetracycline MOA

Answer 19

Outcompete tRNA for the A binding site of bacterial 30s ribosome
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Question 20

Glycopeptide MOA

Answer 20

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Blocks the synthesis of peptidoglycans required for cell wall integrity
May also alter membrane permeability and inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis

Question 21

Macrolide MOA

Answer 21

Protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibit translocation events in bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of bacterial ribosome

Question 22

Bacteriostatic antibiotic classes

Answer 22

Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Macrolides (bacteriostatic and bactericidal)

Question 23

Bactericidal antibiotic classes

Answer 23

Beta-lactams
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones
Glycopeptides
Macrolides (bacteriostatic and bactericidal)

Question 24

Which antibiotic classes can cause QT elongation

Answer 24

Quinolones

Macrolides

Question 25

Causes discolouration of teeth and may affect bone growth in neonates and children

Answer 25

Tetracyclines (e.g. doxicyclin)

Question 26

Causes dose-related irreversible ototoxicity

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin | Glycopeptides are not dose-related