Antibiotics

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

Inhibits protein synthesis, bacteriocidal

Binds 30S Ribosome, causes misreading of RNA, dangerous renal and ototoxicity

Question 2

Linezolid

Answer 2

Inhibits protein synthesis, Bacteriostatic

Binds 23S in 50s subunit, blocks translation initiation

Question 3

Macrolid

Answer 3

Inhibits protein synthesis, Bacteriostatic

Binds 23S in 50S subunit, blocks exit of growing peptide

Question 4

Chloramphenicol

Answer 4

Inhibits protein synthesis, Bacteriostatic

Binds 23S in 50S subunit, prevents peptide bond formation

Question 5

Clindamycin

Answer 5

Inhibits protein synthesis, Bacteriostatic

Binds 23S in 50S, blocks exit of growing peptide

Question 6

Tetracycline

Answer 6

Inhibits protein synthesis, Bacteriostatic

Blocks attachment of tRNA-AA to 30S subunit

Question 7

Sulfonamides

Answer 7

Prevents folic acid synthesis, Bacteriostatic

competes with PABA, allergy = stephens johnson syndrome

Question 8

Dapsone

Answer 8

Prevents folic acid synthesis, Bacteriocidal

Question 9

Trimethoprim

Answer 9

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, Bacteriocidal

Question 10

Rifampin

Answer 10

Inhibits RNA transcription, bacteriocidal

Binds DNA-dependent RNA pol

Question 11

Bacitracin (topical)

Answer 11

Inhibits RNA transcription, Bacteriocidal

Also listed as cytoplasmic membrane interference

Question 12

Quinolones/Florquinolones

Answer 12

Inhibits DNA synthesis, Bacteriocidal

ie ciprofloxacin, inhibits DNA gyrase or topioisomerase

Question 13

Metronidazole

Answer 13

Inhibits DNA synthesis, Bacteriocidal

metabolic cytotoxic byproducts disrupt DNA

Question 14

Polymixins

Answer 14

Interfere with cytoplasmic membrane function

Cationic detergent like activity

Question 15

Anti-fungals

Answer 15

Interferes with cytoplasmic membrane (targets ergosterol)

Question 16

Penicillin

B-lactam

Answer 16

Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal

Mimics D-alaD-ala residues and irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase by reacting with serine

Question 17

Cephalosporins

B-lactam

Answer 17

Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
Mimics D-alaD-ala residues and irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase by reacting with serine
-4th generation more powerful than 1st generation

Question 18

Monobactams

B-lactam

Answer 18

Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
Mimics D-alaD-ala residues and irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase by reacting with serine
-active against gram negative bacilli

Question 19

Carbapenems

B-lactam

Answer 19

Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
Mimics D-alaD-ala residues and irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase by reacting with serine
-very broad spectrum

Question 20

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

Answer 20

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal
(binds D-alaD-ala and prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking)
-Causes redman syndrome

Question 21

Fosfomycin

Answer 21

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal

(inhibits phosphoenol pyruvate halting muramic acid synthesis

Question 22

What is the only bacteriocidal inhibitor of protein synthesis?

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides

Question 23

What are the two inhibitors of DNA synthesis?

Answer 23

Quinolones/fluorquinolones, metronidazole

Question 24

What are the three interferers of cytoplasmic membranes?

Answer 24

Polymixins, Bacitracin, Anti-fungals

Question 25

What are the 4 B-lactam antibiotics

Answer 25

Penicillin, cephalosporin, monobactam, carbapenems

Question 26

What are the two inhibitors of RNA transcription?

Answer 26

Bacitracin, Rifampin

Question 27

What are 6 inhibitors of protein synthesis?

Answer 27

Aminoglycosides, linezolids, macrolids, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline

Question 28

What are the two inhibitors of folic acid synthesis

Answer 28

Sulfonamides and Dapsone

Question 29

What are the bacteriostatic drugs we are required to know?

Answer 29

All inhibitors of protein synthesis except amino glycosides (linezolid, macrolide, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline) and sulfonamides