Antibiotics

Question 1

Tetracycline

Answer 1

Blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of ribosome in bacteria.

Question 2

Streptomycin

Answer 2

Prevents the transition from translation initiation to chain elongation and also causes miscoding in bacteria.

Question 3

Chloramphenicol

Answer 3

Blocks the peptidyl transferase reaction on ribosomes in bacteria.

Question 4

Erythromycin

Answer 4

Binds in the exit channel of the ribosome and thereby inhibits elongation of the peptide chain in bacteria.

Question 5

Rifamycin

Answer 5

Blocks initiation of RNA chains by binding to RNA polymerase (prevents RNA synthesis) in bacteria.

Question 6

Puromycin

Answer 6

Causes the premature release of nascent polypeptide chains by its addition to the growing chain end in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Question 7

Actinomycin D

Answer 7

Binds to DNA and blocks the movement of RNA polymerase (prevents RNA synthesis) in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Question 8

Cycloheximide

Answer 8

Blocks the translocation reaction on ribosomes in eukaryotes.

Question 9

Anisomycin

Answer 9

Blocks the peptidyl transferase reaction on ribosomes in eukaryotes.

Question 10

α-Amanitin

Answer 10

Blocks mRNA synthesis by binding preferentially to RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes.