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Sepsis - CLASP > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Define stewardship

A
  • identifying the small group of people that require antibiotics
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2
Q

What are the 4 c’s to avoid

A
  • co-amoxiclav
  • cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)
  • clindamycin (macrolide)
  • ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone)
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3
Q

Why are the 4 c’s avoided

A
  • increased c . diff risk
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4
Q

Name a cephalsporin

A
  • ceftriaxone
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5
Q

Where are anaerobic organisms found?

A
  • mouth
  • teeth
  • throat
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6
Q

Where are gram negative bacteria found?

A
  • Gastrointestinal
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7
Q

General antibiotic side effects

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhoea
  • rashes
  • candida
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8
Q

Flucoxacillin and co-amoxacillin side effect

A
  • cholestatic jaundice
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9
Q

Vancomycin side effect

A
  • red man syndrome
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10
Q

Tetracycline side effect

A
  • photosensitivity
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11
Q

What may affect tetracycline and quinolone absorption?

A
  • calcium
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12
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics given to a patient on warfarin may cause?

A
  • increased INR
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13
Q

What must be avoided when on metrondiazole

A
  • alcohol
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14
Q

What drugs a B lactams found in?

A
  • penicillin
  • cephaloporins
  • carbapenems
  • aztreonam
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15
Q

Commonest CNS infection bug?

A
  • s. pneumonia

- ceftriazone

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16
Q

Commonest lung infection bug and treatment

A
  • s.pneumonia (amoxicillin, doxycycline)
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17
Q

H.influenzae lung infection treatment

A
  • co - amoxiclav

- amoxicillin

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18
Q

1st line for a c.diff gut infection?

A
  • oral vancomycin
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19
Q

What does the gram negatives have on their cell wall that gram positive don’t?

A
  • lipopolysaccharide

- can cause shock

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20
Q

Name a gram negative cocci

A
  • neisseria
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21
Q

Gram neg bacilli examples

A
  • pseudomonas
  • e.coli
  • klebsiella
  • salmonella
22
Q

What are coliform

A
  • always present in gi tract

- e.coli and similar

23
Q

What is atypical bacteria?

A
  • less common bugs

- not strep

24
Q

Hospitalised patients more susceptible to ____ bacteria

A
  • gram negative
25
Q

Chronic lung disease now infection, what bugs?

A
  • pseudomonas (CF patient)
  • pneumococcus
  • influenza
26
Q

What bug peaks every 4 years

A
  • mycoplasma
27
Q

Bug associated with lamb season and sheep farming

A
  • coxiella
28
Q

Treatment for haemophilus influenzae?

A
  • amoxicillin
29
Q

H. influenzae is what category of bug?

A
  • gram negative coccobacilli
30
Q

How are atypical pneumonias treated?

A
  • not strep
  • treated with doxycycline
  • legionella = quinolones, clarithromycin
31
Q

How is legionella treated?

A
  • quinolones

- clarithromycin

32
Q

What antibiotic coverage is lost in ESBLs

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • aztreonam
33
Q

What must be monitored when giving gentamicin?

A
  • renal function
34
Q

Corynebacterium is seen in what condition and what is it categoriesed as?

A
  • seen in diptheria

- gram positive bacilli

35
Q

Name some gram positive bacilli?

A
  • corynebacterium
  • clostridium
  • listeria
  • bacillus
36
Q

Alpha haemolytic means?

A
  • partial haemolysis
  • green
  • pneumonia
  • viridian’s
37
Q

Beta haemolytic means

A
  • complete haemolysis
  • s.pyogens
  • group b strep (agalctiae)
38
Q

Group B strep example. and when is it seen?

A
  • s. agalactiae
  • pregnancy
  • neonate
39
Q

Treatment of enterococci?

A
  • iv amoxicilllin

- vancomycin

40
Q

What route should antibiotics be given in sepsis?

A
  • IV

- except for sepsis due to c.diff in which oral vancomycin is given

41
Q

Treatment for a staphylococci infection?

A
  • flucoxacillin
42
Q

What infections are gram positive bacilli seen?

A
  • intra abdo infection
  • skin and soft tissue
  • prosthetic material
  • meningitis/encephalitis
  • PWID
43
Q

What is the typical organism in Pneumonia?

A
  • s. pneumonia
44
Q

Name some atypical pneumonia bugs?

A
  • mycoplasma
  • legionella
  • chamydophila
  • psittaci
45
Q

Immunosuppressed patients are more susceptible to what pneumonias

A
  • jiroveci
  • aspergillus
  • TB
46
Q

What do vaccines aim to target for s.pneumonia?

A
  • the virulence factors
47
Q

Cystic fibrosis patient with pneumonia?

A
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
48
Q

What is the difficulty at diagnosing fungal infections?

A
  • hard to culture and sample
49
Q

How is aspergillosis diagnosed?

A
  • broncho-alveolar lavage
  • galactomman as a marker
  • septate hyhae on microscope
50
Q

Commonest strain of aspergillosis?

A
  • fumigatus
51
Q

Who is most susceptible to an aspergillosis infection?

A
  • immunocompromised
  • transplant patients
  • chemotherapy

Sepsis - CLASP (3 decks)

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