Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Concentration dependent

A

do not underdose

Aminoglycosides eg. gentamicin
Quinolones eg. moxifloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Time dependent

A

do not skip doses

Beta lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BETA LACTAMS-where do they act?

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are beta lactams time dependent or concentration dependent?

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

time dependent

bacteriocidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adverse side effect beta lactams

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta-lactams resistance

A 
Cannot be overcome by using higher doses
– In community most 
aerobic Gram negatives,
 anaerobes & 
staphylococci
produce β-lactamases

– Extended spectrum β-lactamases in aerobic Gram negatives in hospitals,
which results in high level resistance to all penicillins & cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

beta-lactams second resistance

A

mutations in penicillin binding proteins
(e.g. S. pneumoniae) – usually low level resistance, which can be
overcome by using higher doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Macrolide chief example

A

Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

macrolide mechanism of killing

A

no protein synthesis 50s ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do macrolides treat

A

Gram pos
Strep/staph infections that can’t be treated by penicillin

Atypical pneumonia causes: legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydophila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macrolide toxicity

A

GIT symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

H pylori DOC

A

azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

M avium complex in AIDS DOC

A

azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– Chlamydia urethritis/cervicitis DOC

A

azithromycin single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tetracycline main drug

A

doxycycline-absorption varies, penetrates cells easily

Limited use for resp infections as strep pneu is often resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

inhibits 30 S ribosome synthesis

bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

resistance tetracycline

A

enzymatic breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

toxicity tetracycline

A 
nausea/vomiting, photosensitivity,
teeth discolouration (avoid <8 years/pregnancy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DOC
Rickettsia
– Brucellosis
– Acne (low dose)

A

TETRACYCLINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PROPHYLAXIS FALCIPARUM MALARIA

A

tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chlamydia STI (urethritis, PID)
2 antibiotics to treat

A

tetracyclines (superseded by azithromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sulphonamide plus trimethoprim

A

cotrimoxazole

23
Q

Cotrimoxazole MOA

A

– Block successive steps in bacterial folate pathway

– Prevents nucleic acid synthesis

24
Q

cotrimoxazole side effects

A

Main side effect is sulphonamide hypersensitivity
– Skin rashes – may be severe (Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) or +/- systemic

25
Q

cotrimoxazole resistance

A

mainly used in HIV otherwise
toxicity & high
prevalence of resistance in community-acquired
Gram negatives and S. pneumoniae

26
Q

HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
– Toxoplasmosis
– Cystoisospora belli diarrhoea

treatment

A

Cotrimoxazole

27
Q

HIV primary prophylaxis

A

cotrimoxazole

Prevents above & reduces bacterial infections

28
Q

Toxic to DNA (forms highly reactive nitro

radical with anaerobic metabolism Fe:S proteins)

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

short course metronidazole

A

metallic taste

Disulfiram-like effect (avoid alcohol)

30
Q

long course metronidazole side effects

A

neutropaenia

neurotoxic

31
Q

what does metronidazole treat

A

a lot!
It is a broad-spectrum anaerobe agent:
Cocci,
Gram- bacilli,
Gram+ spore-forming bacilli

Also effective protozoans lacking mitochondria:
– Entamoeba histolytica
– Trichomonas vaginalis
– Giardia lamblia (ETG)

32
Q

What does penicillin 1 act against

A 
Gram + and spiros
DOC:
Streptococci (few S. pneumoniae highly resistant)
– Syphilis & other spirochaetes
– Enterococci
– Listeria (gram positive bacillus)
– Actinomyces
33
Q

Aminopenicillins:

and how they are different from regular penicillin?

A

Amoxicillin
Treats: gram +, spiros and haemophilus
GOOD FOR RESP TRACT INFECS-STREP PNEU

diff. from reg. penicillin because cover h. influ (gram neg)

34
Q

Which penicillin resists Beta-lactamase from Staphylococci?

A

Cloxacillin

35
Q

which penicillin is better absorbed orally

A

flucloxacillin

36
Q

cloxacillin and flucloxacillin

A

Both only for Gram positive bacteria

Widely used for skin and soft tissue infections

37
Q

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

A

broad spectrum
community-acquired Gram positive, Gram negative &
anaerobe infections

38
Q

1st gen cephalosporin and what does it treat

A

Cefazolin IV

Streptococci and staphylococci

39
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin and what does it treat

A

ceftriaxone

streptococci
staphylococci
Gram - (CA)
Haemophilus
Typhoid
Spirochaetes
CNS good pene
40
Q

ceftriaxone what does it treat?

A

Good CSF penetration & empiric drug of choice for
bacterial meningitis
– Drug of choice for typhoid
– Drug of choice for gonorrhea (IMI)
– Useful broad spectrum agent for serious community
infections

Excreted mainly bile
– Spectrum community-acquired Gram+ (including most S. pneumoniae,

not ideal for S. aureus)

& Gram-

41
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotic

A

Vancomycin
time dependent
not oral

42
Q

what does vancomycin treat

A

ONLY GRAM POS-Especially cloxacillin-resistant Staphylococci

43
Q

Vancomycin toxicity

A

IV
Slow IV infusion essential (red man syndrome)
– Mildly nephro- /oto-toxic
– Measure concentration in renal failure & selected
organisms

44
Q

Aminoglycosides don’t like

A

AEROBIC GNB

45
Q

aminoglycoside MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis

polar-poor tissue penetration

46
Q

aminoglycosides

A

parenteral

conc dependent killing

47
Q

aminoglycoside example

A

gentamicin

48
Q

gentamicin

A

Pyelonephritis
– Combined with β-lactams for polymicrobial
infections or synergy (enterococci, streptococcal
endocarditis)

49
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity

A

prolonged elevated trough conc

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity

50
Q

quinolones MOA

A

Targets DNA enzymes (gyrase & topoisomerase IV)

CONC DEPENDENT

51
Q

2nd gen quinolone

A 
ciprofloxacin
doc:
Drug of choice
– Bacterial dysentery
– Pyelonephritis & prostatitis
• Alternative to aminoglycosides
• Typhoid (resistance is increasing)

Gram- aerobes (including Pseudomonas) – poor for Gram+

52
Q

3rd gen quinolone

A

Moxifloxacin
Gram+ (esp Streptococci) and Gram- (except Pseudomonas)

MDR TB
• Alternative for respiratory tract infections (only if severe beta lactam
allergy), cover atypical pneumonia agents as well as conventional
bacterial causes of community-acquired pneumonia

53
Q

toxicity quinolones

A

rashes
CNS
tendonitis

Therapeutics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions