antibiotics Flashcards
cephalosporin adverse effects
- similiar to penicillins
- diarrhea, cramps, rash
nursing considerations for cephalosporins
- if you are allergic to penicillin then you are probably allergic to this too
- ceftriaxone (rocefin) is highly protein bound so it stays in the system for longer!
quinolones adverse effects
- bacterial overgrowth occurs with long time use
- seizures
- photosensitive
- affects CNS
- peripheral neuropathy
quinolones nursing considerations
- dont give with antacids, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, dairy
- increase fluids because it concentrates in kidneys
- dont take with supplements or vitamins
- black box warning for tendinitis and tendons rupturing
- infuse over an hour
- lots of side effects so not first choice
- dont give to kid
quinolones indications
- good for UTIs bc high concentration in kidney
- respiratory, skin, GI, and bone infections
aminoglycosides nursing considerations
-cannot be given orally except neomycin
-moniter serum levels and blood samples
-moniter peak and trough
-dont give orally because poor absorption
-combination drug effect
-give for a short duration
-synergistic effects
-draw peaks and trough and monitor these !!
-you want trough to be at or below 1 so anything higher than 2 is toxic
Toxic to kidneys and ears so monitor creatine and BUN levels
aminoglycosides indications
-potent antibiotics so drug of choice for virulent infections
tetracyclines indications
- used to treat acne but now used for chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumonia
- soft skin tissue infections, pneumonia, clamydia, rickets, chloral
tetracyclines nursing considerations
- Dairy products, antacids, and iron salts reduce oral absorption of tetracyclines.
- Should not be used in children younger than age 8 years or in pregnant or lactating women because tooth discoloration will occur if the drug binds to the calcium in the teeth
macrolides nursing considerations
- can irritate the GI tract, which stimulates motility
- highly protein bound
- metabolized in the liver
- can have a longer half life and possibly toxicity
- can cause EKG changes so monitor heart and chest
- dont give this with juice or mix with warfarin
macrolides indications
- strep infections
- mild to moderate airway infections
- STDs
carbapenems adverse effects
-drug induced seizures
carbapenems nursing considerations
- must be infused over 60 minutes
- concentrates in kidneys so increase fluid intake
- do not give if they have lidocaine allergy
carbapenems indications
-Reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill hospitalized patients
carbapenems microorganism affected
broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotic
third gen cephalosporins
ceftriaxone (rocefin)
- long half life so give once a day
- treats CNS infections by going into cebrospinal fluid
indications / contraindications of cephalosporins
prevention and treatment of infections
first gen - surgical prophylaxis
second gen- prohylaxis of abdominal surgery
microorganisms affected by cephalosporins
first gen = gram +
second gen = gram +
third gen = broad but good w/ -
adverse effects of penicillin
- steven johnsons syndrome
- exfoliative dermatitis
- angioedema
- anaphalaxis
nursing considerations of penicillins
- some bacteria are able to make enzyme beta lactamases which is how they become resistant
- DONT USE IF ALLERGIC TO CEPHALOSPORIN
indications and contraindications of penicillins
prevention and treatment of infections
microorganism affected by penicillins
broad
microorganism affected by sulfanomides
broad
common names for sulfonamides
SMZ -TMP
co-trimoxale (bactrim)
