antibiotics

Question 1

cephalosporin adverse effects

Answer 1

• similiar to penicillins

- diarrhea, cramps, rash

Question 2

nursing considerations for cephalosporins

Answer 2

• if you are allergic to penicillin then you are probably allergic to this too
• ceftriaxone (rocefin) is highly protein bound so it stays in the system for longer!

Question 3

quinolones adverse effects

Answer 3

• bacterial overgrowth occurs with long time use
• seizures
• photosensitive
• affects CNS
• peripheral neuropathy

Question 4

quinolones nursing considerations

Answer 4

• dont give with antacids, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, dairy
• increase fluids because it concentrates in kidneys
• dont take with supplements or vitamins
• black box warning for tendinitis and tendons rupturing
• infuse over an hour
• lots of side effects so not first choice
• dont give to kid

Question 5

quinolones indications

Answer 5

• good for UTIs bc high concentration in kidney

- respiratory, skin, GI, and bone infections

Question 6

aminoglycosides nursing considerations

Answer 6

-cannot be given orally except neomycin
-moniter serum levels and blood samples
-moniter peak and trough
-dont give orally because poor absorption
-combination drug effect
-give for a short duration
-synergistic effects
-draw peaks and trough and monitor these !!
-you want trough to be at or below 1 so anything higher than 2 is toxic
Toxic to kidneys and ears so monitor creatine and BUN levels

Question 7

aminoglycosides indications

Answer 7

-potent antibiotics so drug of choice for virulent infections

Question 8

tetracyclines indications

Answer 8

• used to treat acne but now used for chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumonia
• soft skin tissue infections, pneumonia, clamydia, rickets, chloral

Question 9

tetracyclines nursing considerations

Answer 9

• Dairy products, antacids, and iron salts reduce oral absorption of tetracyclines.
• Should not be used in children younger than age 8 years or in pregnant or lactating women because tooth discoloration will occur if the drug binds to the calcium in the teeth

Question 10

macrolides nursing considerations

Answer 10

• can irritate the GI tract, which stimulates motility
• highly protein bound
• metabolized in the liver
• can have a longer half life and possibly toxicity
• can cause EKG changes so monitor heart and chest
• dont give this with juice or mix with warfarin

Question 11

macrolides indications

Answer 11

• strep infections
• mild to moderate airway infections
• STDs

Question 12

carbapenems adverse effects

Answer 12

-drug induced seizures

Question 13

carbapenems nursing considerations

Answer 13

• must be infused over 60 minutes
• concentrates in kidneys so increase fluid intake
• do not give if they have lidocaine allergy

Question 14

carbapenems indications

Answer 14

-Reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill hospitalized patients

Question 15

carbapenems microorganism affected

Answer 15

broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotic

Question 16

third gen cephalosporins

Answer 16

ceftriaxone (rocefin)

• long half life so give once a day
• treats CNS infections by going into cebrospinal fluid

Question 17

indications / contraindications of cephalosporins

Answer 17

prevention and treatment of infections
first gen - surgical prophylaxis
second gen- prohylaxis of abdominal surgery

Question 18

microorganisms affected by cephalosporins

Answer 18

first gen = gram +
second gen = gram +
third gen = broad but good w/ -

Question 19

adverse effects of penicillin

Answer 19

• steven johnsons syndrome
• exfoliative dermatitis
• angioedema
• anaphalaxis

Question 20

nursing considerations of penicillins

Answer 20

• some bacteria are able to make enzyme beta lactamases which is how they become resistant
• DONT USE IF ALLERGIC TO CEPHALOSPORIN

Question 21

indications and contraindications of penicillins

Answer 21

prevention and treatment of infections

Question 22

microorganism affected by penicillins

Answer 22

broad

Question 23

microorganism affected by sulfanomides

Answer 23

broad

Question 24

common names for sulfonamides

Answer 24

SMZ -TMP

co-trimoxale (bactrim)

Question 25

indications/contraindications for sulfanomides

Answer 25

• concentrate in the kidneys so UTIs

- co-trimoxale is used for pneumonia

Question 26

penicillin interactions

Answer 26

• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Oral contraceptives
• Warfarin
• Others

Question 27

adverse effects of sulfonamides

Answer 27

• photosensitivity
• can cause delayed cutaneous reaction
• photosensitivity
• GI problems
• stevens johnson syndrome
• hepatotoxic

Question 28

nursing considerations of sulfonamides

Answer 28

• high concentration in the kidneys
• synergistic with trimethoprim
• if allergic to these, may also be allergic to sulfites
• may potentiate hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas in diabetics treatment
• dont mix with sulfanoureas, phenatoine (dilantan), warfarin, or any antibiotics
• concentrate in the kidneys so increase fluid intake

Question 29

third gen cephalosporins

Answer 29

ceftriaxone (rocefin)

• long half life so give once a day
• treats CNS infections by going into cebrospinal fluid

Question 30

tetracyclines indications

Answer 30

• used to treat acne but now used for chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumonia
• soft skin tissue infections, pneumonia, clamydia, rickets, chloral

Question 31

quinolones adverse effects

Answer 31

• bacterial overgrowth occurs with long time use
• seizures
• photosensitive
• affects CNS
• peripheral neuropathy