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VetPrep PowerPages: Non-species specific > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A
  • Gram Positive
  • Limited Gram Negative
  • Anaerobes
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2
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A
  • Gram Positive
  • Gram Negative
  • Anaerobes
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3
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Gentamicin
Amikacin

A

Gram Negative

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4
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Gram Negative

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5
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

Ehrlichia

Anaplasma

Rickettisial
orgranisms
DOC for
Borellia (?)

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6
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Trimethoprim-su
lfamethoxazole

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

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7
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Chloramphenicol

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

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8
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

Gram Positive

Anaerobes

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9
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Gram Positive

Anaerobes

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10
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Vancomycin

A

Gram Positive

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11
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Rifampin

A

Gram Positive

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12
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobes

Protozoa

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13
Q

Dependence?

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A

Time

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14
Q

Dependence?

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A

Time

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15
Q

Dependence?

Gentamicin
Amikacin

A

Concentration

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16
Q

Dependence?

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Concentration

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17
Q

Dependence?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

A

Time

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18
Q

Dependence?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Time

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19
Q

Dependence?

Chloramphenicol

A

Time

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20
Q

Dependence?

Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

– (?)

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21
Q

Dependence?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Time

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22
Q

Dependence?

Vancomycin

A

Time

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23
Q

Dependence?

Rifampin

A

Time

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24
Q

Dependence?

Metronidazole

A

Concentration

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25
Q

MOA?

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A

Inhibits formation
of peptidoglycan
cross-links if
bacterial cell wall

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26
Q

MOA?

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A

Inhibits formation of peptidoglycan cross-links of bacterial cell wall

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27
Q

Gentamicin

Amikacin

A

Binds to 30’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis

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28
Q

MOA?

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Inhibits DNA
gyrase necessary
for bacterial DNA
replication

29
Q

MOA?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline

A 
Binds to 30’s
ribosomal subunit
thereby
interfering with
protein synthesis
30
Q

MOA?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Interfere with Folate Metabolism

31
Q

MOA?

Chloramphenicol

A 
Binds to 50’s
ribosomal subunit
thereby
interfering with
protein synthesis
32
Q

MOA?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

Binds 50s
ribosomal subunit
interfering with
protein synthesis

33
Q

MOA?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Binds 50’s
ribosomal subunit
interfering with
protein synthesis

34
Q

MOA?

Vancomycine

A

Interferes with cell

wall synthesis

35
Q

MOA?

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA

polymerase

36
Q

MOA?

Metronidazole?

A

Breakage in DNA

37
Q

Cidal or Static?

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A

Cidal

38
Q

Cidal or Static?

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A

Cidal

39
Q

Cidal or Static?

Gentamicin
Amikacin

A

Cidal

40
Q

Cidal or Static?

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Cidal

41
Q

Cidal or Static?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Binds to 30’s
ribosomal

A

Static

42
Q

Cidal or Static?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Cidal (when combined)

43
Q

Cidal or Static?

Chloramphenicol

A

Static

44
Q

Cidal or Static?

Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

Static

45
Q

Cidal or Static?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Static

46
Q

Cidal or Static?

Vancomycin

A

Cidal

47
Q

Cidal or Static?

Rifampin

A

Cidal

48
Q

Cidal or Static?

Metronidazole

A

Cidal

49
Q

Class: Beta Lactams

Drugs in this class?

A 
Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
50
Q

Class: Aminoglycosides

Drugs in this class?

A

Gentamicin

Amikacin

51
Q

Class: Fluoroquinolones

Drugs in this class?

A 
Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
52
Q

Class: Tetracyclines

Drugs in this class?

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

53
Q

Class: Lincosamides

Drugs in this class?

A

Lincomysin

Clindamycin

54
Q

Class: Macrolides

Drugs in this class?

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

55
Q

Occasional adverse effect of Penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivity

56
Q

What can be used to extend anti-bacterial spectrum of penicillins?

A

Beta Lactamase (Clavulanic acid)

57
Q

1st generation cephalosporins predominantly effective against gram (+ or -)?

A

Gram + Postive

58
Q

2nd & 3rd generation cephalosporins predominately effective against gram (+ or -) ?

A

Gram - Negative

59
Q

Adverse side effects of Aminoglycosides?

A
  1. Nephrotoxic ( caution in animals with renal disease or hypovolemia)
  2. Ototoxic
60
Q

Drug class that potentiates neuromuscular blockade?

A

Aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin
Amikacin

61
Q

Drug class that can damage cartilage in young animals?

A 
Fluoroquinolones:
Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
62
Q

Adverse side effects of drug class Tetracyclines?

A
  1. Nephrotoxic (Renal tubular dz)
  2. Yellow tooth discoloration in < 6 months
  3. GI upset
63
Q

Drug class that is highly lipid soluble and distributes through the body well?

A
  1. Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides
  2. Chloramphenicol
  3. Macrolides

(ALL have high lipid solubility and good distribution)

64
Q

Adverse side effects of Chloramphenicol?

A
  1. Aplastic anemia (bone marrow suppression) in humans who come in direct contact with drug
65
Q

What species should NOT be given Lincosamides?

A

Horses

66
Q

What drug should be limited to organisms resistant to other antimicrobials?

A

Vancomycin

67
Q

Drug whose main indication is for R. equi pneumonia in foals?

A

Rifampin

68
Q

Adverse side effects of Metronidazole?

A
  1. Neurologic:
    - weakness, ataxia
    - vestibular signs
  2. Anorexia

VetPrep PowerPages: Non-species specific (2 decks)

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