Antibiotics Flashcards
Spectrum of Activity? for:
Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem
- Gram Positive
- Limited Gram Negative
- Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity? for:
Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol
- Gram Positive
- Gram Negative
- Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity? for:
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Gram Negative
Spectrum of Activity? for:
Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Gram Negative
Spectrum of Activity?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
Rickettisial
orgranisms
DOC for
Borellia (?)
Spectrum of Activity?
Trimethoprim-su
lfamethoxazole
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity?
Chloramphenicol
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
Gram Positive
Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity?
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
Gram Positive
Anaerobes
Spectrum of Activity?
Vancomycin
Gram Positive
Spectrum of Activity?
Rifampin
Gram Positive
Spectrum of Activity?
Metronidazole
Anaerobes
Protozoa
Dependence?
Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem
Time
Dependence?
Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol
Time
Dependence?
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Concentration
Dependence?
Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Concentration
Dependence?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Time
Dependence?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Time
Dependence?
Chloramphenicol
Time
Dependence?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
– (?)
Dependence?
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
Time
Dependence?
Vancomycin
Time
Dependence?
Rifampin
Time
Dependence?
Metronidazole
Concentration
MOA?
Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem
Inhibits formation
of peptidoglycan
cross-links if
bacterial cell wall
MOA?
Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol
Inhibits formation of peptidoglycan cross-links of bacterial cell wall
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Binds to 30’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis
MOA?
Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Inhibits DNA
gyrase necessary
for bacterial DNA
replication
MOA?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Binds to 30’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis
MOA?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Interfere with Folate Metabolism
MOA?
Chloramphenicol
Binds to 50’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis
MOA?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
Binds 50s
ribosomal subunit
interfering with
protein synthesis
MOA?
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
Binds 50’s
ribosomal subunit
interfering with
protein synthesis
MOA?
Vancomycine
Interferes with cell
wall synthesis
MOA?
Rifampin
Inhibits RNA
polymerase
MOA?
Metronidazole?
Breakage in DNA
Cidal or Static?
Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Binds to 30’s
ribosomal
Static
Cidal or Static?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Cidal (when combined)
Cidal or Static?
Chloramphenicol
Static
Cidal or Static?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
Static
Cidal or Static?
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
Static
Cidal or Static?
Vancomycin
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Rifampin
Cidal
Cidal or Static?
Metronidazole
Cidal
Class: Beta Lactams
Drugs in this class?
Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem
Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol
Class: Aminoglycosides
Drugs in this class?
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Class: Fluoroquinolones
Drugs in this class?
Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Class: Tetracyclines
Drugs in this class?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Class: Lincosamides
Drugs in this class?
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
Class: Macrolides
Drugs in this class?
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
Occasional adverse effect of Penicillins?
Hypersensitivity
What can be used to extend anti-bacterial spectrum of penicillins?
Beta Lactamase (Clavulanic acid)
1st generation cephalosporins predominantly effective against gram (+ or -)?
Gram + Postive
2nd & 3rd generation cephalosporins predominately effective against gram (+ or -) ?
Gram - Negative
Adverse side effects of Aminoglycosides?
- Nephrotoxic ( caution in animals with renal disease or hypovolemia)
- Ototoxic
Drug class that potentiates neuromuscular blockade?
Aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Drug class that can damage cartilage in young animals?
Fluoroquinolones: Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin
Adverse side effects of drug class Tetracyclines?
- Nephrotoxic (Renal tubular dz)
- Yellow tooth discoloration in < 6 months
- GI upset
Drug class that is highly lipid soluble and distributes through the body well?
- Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides
- Chloramphenicol
- Macrolides
(ALL have high lipid solubility and good distribution)
Adverse side effects of Chloramphenicol?
- Aplastic anemia (bone marrow suppression) in humans who come in direct contact with drug
What species should NOT be given Lincosamides?
Horses
What drug should be limited to organisms resistant to other antimicrobials?
Vancomycin
Drug whose main indication is for R. equi pneumonia in foals?
Rifampin
Adverse side effects of Metronidazole?
- Neurologic:
- weakness, ataxia
- vestibular signs - Anorexia