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Med school ICP > Antibiotic therapy > Flashcards

Antibiotic therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of antibiotic

A

A chemical with selective toxicity, severely damaging to microorganisms but much less harmful to human cells and metabolism

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2
Q

Targets of antibiotic therapy

A 
Cell wall
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
Folate biosynthesis
Outer membrane of gram negatives
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3
Q

Cell wall antibiotics

A 
Penicillins
Cephlasporins
Carbapenems
Aztreonam
Glycopeptides
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4
Q

Protein synthesis antibiotics

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Fusidic acid
Tetracyclins
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5
Q

Nucleic acid antibiotics

A 
DNA:
• Fluoquinolones
• Metronidazole
RNA:
• Rifampicin
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6
Q

Folate biosynthesis antibiotics

A

Trimethoprim

Sulphonamides

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7
Q

Outermembrane of gram negatives antibiotics

A

Polymixins

Colistin

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8
Q

Machanisms of resistance to antibiotics

A 
Enzymatic inactivation
Altered target site
Decreased permeability
Efflux pumps
Utilising alternative metabolic pathway
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9
Q

Antifungal classes and examples

A 
Polyenes (amphotencin, nystatin)
Imidazoles (clotrimazole, miconazole)
Triazoles (fluconazole, vanconazole)
Flucytosine
Echinocandins
Griseofulvin
Terbinafine
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10
Q

Problem with antifungals

A

Fungi are eukaryotic and similar to human cells (but cell membrane made of ergosterol, humans use cholesterol)
Because they are very similar, there is a high potential for side effects

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11
Q

Risk factors for fungal infection

A 
Severely ill
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Indwelling central venous catheters
Malnutrition
Prolonged hypotension
Immunosuppression
HIV
Cancer survivors
Diabetics
Burns patients
TPN
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12
Q

Antivirals methods of action

A

a) interfere with a virus specific action OR
b) interfere with a cellular function so the virus cannot replicate
Must only kill virus infected cells

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13
Q

HIV antivirals

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion entry inhibitors
Chemokine receptor antagonists
Integrase inhibitors

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14
Q

HSV, VZV antivirals

A

Aciclovir
Famiciclovir
Valaciclovir

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15
Q

CMV antivirals

A

Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidafovir

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16
Q

Influenza antivirals

A

Amantadine
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

17
Q

RSV antivirals

A

Ribavirin

Palivizumab

18
Q

Hepatitis C antivirals

A

Ribivirin
Interferon alpha
Peginterferon alpha

19
Q

Hepatitis B antivirals

A 
Lamivudine
Adefovir
Entecavir
Tenofovir
Telbivudine

Med school ICP (15 decks)

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