Antibiotic Targets Flashcards by Thomas Brum

Penicillin G and V target..

Gram +, anaerobes, spirochete, very weak gram -

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Amoxicillin and ampicillin target

Gram +, Gram -, anaerobes, spirochetes

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Nafcillin, others target

Non-MRSA staph

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Piperacillin targets

Pseudomonas

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Vancomycin targets

Gram + & anaerobes. especially MRSA and severe or recurrent C. dif

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Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Streptomycin) target

Gram +, Gram- aerobes only

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Chloramphenicol targets

Some Gram -, anaerobes, intracellular

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Clindamycin (Lincosamide) targets

Gram + & anaerobes

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Linezolid targets

Gram +

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Macrolides (Azithromycin, Telithromycin) target

some gram +, Gram -, intracellular

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Streptogramins (Quinopristin, Dalfopristin) target

Gram +

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Tetracyclins (Doxycyclin, Tigecyclin) target

Gram +, Gram -, intracellular, spirochetes

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Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin) target

Gram +, Gram -, intracellular

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Moxifloxacin targets

Better for Gram +

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Ciprofloxacin targets

Better for Gram -

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Metronidazole targets

Anaerobes

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Sulfomethoxazole-Trimethaprim targets

Gram +, Gram -, Intracellular

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Aztreonam (monobactam) targets

Gram -

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Carbapenems (Impenem) target

Gram +, Gram -, Anaerobes

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Cephalosporins target

Gram +, Gram -, Spirochetes

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Colistin (polymyxin) targets

Gram -

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Daptomycin targets

Gram +

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Clostridium difficile

1) Metronidazole

2) Vancomycin (severe recurrent disease)

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1) First-line: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

2) Second-line: ethonamide

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Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin sensitive)

1. ) Nafcillin | 2. ) cefazolin, clindmycin

Staphylococcus aureus (methichillin resistent)

1. ) Vancomycin 2. ) CA: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ceftaroline, clindamycin. 3. ) Alternatives to vancomycin: daptomycin, linezolid, quinuprisitn/dalfopristin

Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides

Ototoxicity, Vestibular toxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular block

Adverse effects of Chloramphenicol

Hematological, Gray baby syndrome,

Adverse effects of Clindamycin

Diarrhea, hematological, neuromuscular block

Adverse effects of Linezolid

Peripheral neurotoxicity, Hematological

Adverse effects of Macrolids

Cardiac arrhythmias

Adverse effects of Streptogramins

Arthralgia, myalgia, injection site irritation

Adverse effects of Telithromycin

Neuromuscular block, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotxicity

Adverse effects of Tetracyclines

Gastrointestinal, nephrotocicty, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, Deposition in teeth and bones undergoing calcification.

Adverse effects of Aztreonam

Injection site irritation

Adverse effects of Cephalosporins

Hypersensitivity, Nephrotoxicity

Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones

Tendinopathies, prolong cardiac QT interval, lower seizure threshold, peripheral neuropathy, neuromuscular block

Adverse effects of Metronidazole

ethanol intolerance

Adverse effects of Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim

Bilirubin displacement and kernicturus in neonates, Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Adverse effects of Isoniazid

Hepatotoxicty, perpheral neuropathy

Adverse effects of Rifampin

Hepatotoxicity, Flu-like syndrome, orange-colored excretions

Adverse effects of Ethambutol

Optical Neuritis

Adverse effects of Pyrazinamide

most hepatotoxic antiTB, Hyperuricemia

Adverse effects of Ethionamide

Hepatotoxicity, GI irritations, sedation, depression

Antibiotics that are cytochrome P450 inhibitors

1) Chloramphenicol 2) Ciprofloxacin (not moxifloxacin) 3) Macrolides (not azithromycin) 4) Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Antibiotics that are cytochrome P450 inducers

1) Rifampin

Antibiotics whose oral bioavailability is decreased by multi-valent cations

1) Doxycycline (other tetracyclines are worse) 2) Fluroquinolones 3) Isoniazid

B-lactams

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams. Target cell wall

Cephalosporins

1. ) Cefazolin 3. ) Ceftriaxone 4. ) Cefepime 5. ) Ceftaroline

Carbapenems

Imepenem (with cilastatin)

Monobactams

Azitreonam

B-lactamase inhibitors

Clavunic acid

Glycopeptidases

Vancomycin

Lipopeptidase

Daptomycin

Polymyxins

Colistin

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin, Streptomycin

Tetracyclins

Doxycyclin, Tigecyclin

Lincosamides

Clindomycin

Macrolides

Azithramycin, Telithromycin

Streptogramins

Quinopristin, Dalfopristin

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole

Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor

Trimethoprim

Cefazolin targets

Gram +

Ceftriaxone

Gram -

Cefepime

Gram - & Pseudomonas

Ceftaroline

CA pneumonia, some MRSA