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Respiratory > Antibiotic summary (Graham) > Flashcards

Antibiotic summary (Graham) Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin:
What kind of drug?
Common uses?

A

penicillin = B lactam inhibitor
Works for Group A Strep and Syphillis
Majority of MSSA will be resistant

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2
Q

1st line Rx for acute sinusitis
Group A strep, Listeria, Lyme Disease
Majority of MSSA will be resistant

A

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin (B-lactam)

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3
Q

Will cover MSSA , many streptococcal organisms, enteric gram negatives, anaerobes, Complicated sinusitis
Skin and soft tissue infections / GI infections

A

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (B-lactam)

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4
Q

What does Amocicillin-Clavulanate cover?

What kind of drug is it?

A

MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, enteric G (-), enteric gram negative anaerobes and complicated sinusitis
B lactam

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5
Q

Covers MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, many gram negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes.

A

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

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6
Q

What does Piperacillin-Tazobactam cover?

What kind of drug is it?

A

MSSA, streptococcal organanisms, gram negatives including nosocomial gram negs and ANAaerobes
B-lactam

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7
Q

What is our drug of choice for MSSA and uncomplicated cellulitis?

A

Nafcillin

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8
Q

Drug of choice for MSSA
Uncomplicated cellulitis
Perioperative prophylaxis
B-lactam

A

Cefazolin

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9
Q

Use of Cefazolin, what kind of drug is it?

A

Cefazolin for MSSA, uncomplicated cellulitis, perioperative prophylaxsis
B-Lactam

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10
Q

DOCs for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis

  1. At Froedert
  2. At childrens
A

ceftriaxone used at FH

Cefotaxime used at CHW

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11
Q

When do we use Ceftriaxone?

A

drug of choice for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis in ADULTS

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12
Q

When do we prescribe Cefotaxime

A

drug of choice for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis in CHILDREN

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13
Q

When do we prescribe Ceftazadime

A 
MSSA, many strep organisms, many gram 
negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives)
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14
Q 
MSSA, many strep organisms, many gram 
negative organisms (including some nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes. Will not cover Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter
A

Ertapenem

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15
Q

What does Imipenem-Cilastatin work against?

A

MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, many

gram negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes

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16
Q

Imipenem can induce_______

if not dosed appropriately for renal function

A

seizures

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17
Q

All B-Lactams can cause:

A 
GI upset
Nausea
Diarrhea
Rash / allergic reaction
Hematologic abnormalities
(thrombocytopenia, leucopenia)
Interstitial nephritis
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18
Q

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxicin and Moxifloxacin are all

A

Quinolones

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19
Q

Covers staphylococcal gram positives (not great for streptococcal organisms), nosocomial gram negatives, atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms

A

Ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

Anti-pseudomonal quinolone. Commonly used as synergy for nosocomial pneumonia, UTI’s

A

Ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

Ciprofloxacin is used for what 5 things?

A 
Staphylococcal gram +
nosociomial gram -
atypical organism (mycoplasm, legionella, chlamydia)
mycobacterial organisms
Anti-pseudomonal
22
Q

Also referred to as a “respiratory quinolone” and can be used to treat community acquired
pneumonia if the patient is penicillin allergic

A

Levofloxacin or moxifloxacin

23
Q

Covers staphylococcal gram positives AND
streptococcal organisms, many gram negatives (inc. nosocomial gram negatives), atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms (MTb, MAC, etc.)Anti-pseudomonal quinolone. Commonly used as synergy for nosocomial pneumonia,

A

Levofloxacin

24
Q

whats the simulatity and big difference in coverage between Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin?

A

both cover:
Staphylococcal gram +
nosociomial gram -
atypical organism (mycoplasm, legionella, chlamydia)
mycobacterial organisms
Anti-pseudomonal
***Levofloxacin covers streptococcal while Cipro doesn’t

25
Q

Covers staphylococcal gram positives and
streptococcal organisms, many gram negatives (not to be used to Pseudomonas), atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms (MTb, MAC, etc.).

A

Moxifloxacin (dif from Levo bc isn’t used for pseudomonas!)

26
Q

How are Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin different?

A

Same coverage but Moxifloxacin can’t be used for pseudomonas

27
Q

Typically used to treat community acquired

pneumonia and sinusitis (Z-pak).

A

Azithromycin

Clarithromycin

28
Q

What drugs are macrolides and what are they used for?

A

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
used to tx community acquired pneumonia and sinusitis
Atypicals
In combo tx for MAC

29
Q

Side effects of macrolides (Azithro and Clarithromycin)

A 
Promotility agents (e.g. will 
cause loose BM’s or diarrhea)
30
Q

Side effects of all quinolones

A 
Prolonged QT interval 
Decrease seizure threshold
Spontaneous tendon rupture
Rarely causes hypoglycemia in patients on oral hypoglycemic agents
Interacts with Coumadin (raises INR)
31
Q

Drug of choice for coagulase negative

staphylococcal infections.

A

Vancomycin (glycopeptide)

32
Q

Empiric therapy for suspected line related infections or other device related infections

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

Side effects of vancomycin

A

Drug induced thrombocytopenia and

leukopenia. Rarely associated with interstitial nephritis

34
Q

Indicated for treatment of skin and soft tissue
infections caused by gram positive organisms
(staph and strep) and for Staphylococcal (MRSA and MSSA) endocarditis. Cannot be used to treat pulmonary infections. May cover
vancomycin resistant organisms

A

Daptomycin

35
Q

Why would you not prescribe daptomycin to someone with strep. pneumo pulmonary infection event though it has good gram + coverage?

A

Daptomycin is NOT used to tx pulmonary infections

36
Q

Negative side effect of daptomycin

A

Causes elevations of CPK (may cause rhabdomyolysis)

37
Q

Indicated for the treatment of skin and soft

infections, bacteremia with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), nosocomial pneumonia (covers MRSA).

A

Linezolid

38
Q

What three things does Linezolid cover?

A
  1. tx skin and soft tissue infections
  2. Bacterimia w/ vanco resistant enterococci
  3. nosocomial pneumonia (covers MRSA)
39
Q

Sides of Linezolid

A

Bone marrow suppression
(leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia),
peripheral neuropathy seen with long term use and don’t give with SSRIs

40
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of possible
Pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patient and
immunocompromised patients.

A

Trimethoprim/Sulfa

41
Q

2nd line agent for community

acquired pneumonia and community acquired sinusitis. Can treat CA-MRSA

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

What does Doxycyline tx?

A

2nd line for community acquired sinusitis and tx CA-MRSA

43
Q

Sides of Doxycycline

A

GI distress
Teeth discoloration (kids)
Photosensitivity

44
Q

Use for 1st line Rx for C. difficile and for anaerobic coverage.

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

Uses of Metonidazole

A

C.diff and anaerobic coverage

46
Q

Three coverage for Clindamycin

A

Excellent gram positive coverage (staph and
streps).
Expand anaerobic coverage.
Can be used to treat CA-MRSA.

47
Q

Aztreonam offers what kind of coverage?

A

Monobactam. Aerobic gram negative coverag

48
Q

Pt has Penicillin allergy, need to have aerobic gram negative coverage. What drug do you use?

A

Aztreonam

49
Q

Often used in combination with other antibiotics for synergy against gram positive and gram negative organisms.

A

Aminoglycocides:
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin

50
Q

Tobramycin and amikacin offer best coverage for

A

nosocomial gram negatives

Respiratory (15 decks)

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