Antibiotic side effects Flashcards
What are the main side effects of penicillins?
N+V, Hypersensitivity
What effect do penicillins have on warfarin?
Increase action, kill bacteria that synthesise Vitamin K
What are rare side effects of penicillins?
Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, acute interstitial nephritis
Which penicillins can increase risk of C diff?
Broad spectrum, anti-pseudomonal
What are the general side effects of macrolides if taken orally or IV?
N+V, abdo pain, diarrhoea if taken orally
IV: Thrombophlebitis
Cholestatic jaundice, ototoxicity
What effect do erythromycin and clarithromycin have on CP450?
Inhibit CP450 thus increasing drug levels
What cardiac effect does erythromycin have?
Prolong QTc
What are the side effects of tetracyclines?
N+V, diarrhoea (reduced if taken with food)
Oesophageal irritation, ulceration, dysphagia
Photosensitivity
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Discolouration or hypoplasia of child tooth enamel
What food should be avoid with tetracyclines?
Dairy
When are tetracyclines contraindicated?
Children, breastfeeding, pregnancy
What are the side effects generally of cephalosporins and carbapenems?
N+V, hypersensitivity, CNS toxicity
What happens when you give cephalosporins with aminoglycosides?
Increased nephrotoxicity
What happens when you combine carbapenems with sodium valproate?
Reduce plasma concentrations of valproate therefore efficacy is reduced
What are the side effects of quinolones?
Neuro: Reduced seizure threshold, halucinations
Prolonged QTc
Risk tendon rupture
What effect does ciprofloxacin have on P450 enzymes?
Inhibits
