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Antibiotics > Antibiotic pharmacology > Flashcards

Antibiotic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of ABs which are ‘nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors’

A

Sulphonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones, nitroinidazoles

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2
Q

Classes of ABs which are ‘cell wall synthesis inhibitors’

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin

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3
Q

Classes of ABs which are ‘protein synthesis inhibitors’

A

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides and chloramphenicol’

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4
Q

Mechanisms of action for sulphonamides

A

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, which produces folic acid

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5
Q

Mechanism of action for Trimethoprim

A

Acts to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, which is part of the pathway for folic acid production

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6
Q

Mechanism of action for quinolones

A

Prevents the super-coiling of bacterial DNA necessary for normal functioning of bacterial cell

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7
Q

Mechanism of action for nitroimidazoles

A

During reduction of cellular products metabolites are produced which disrupts DNA synthesis

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8
Q

Mechanism of action for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Inhibit cross linkage of linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up the cell wall

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9
Q

Mechanism of bacterial resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Production of beta-lactamases or penicillinases by bacteria

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10
Q

Mechanism of overcoming beta-lactam resistance

A

Add clavulanic acid to amoxicillin. (Co-Amoxiclav)

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11
Q

Antibiotic which is penicillinase resistant

A

Flucloxicillin

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12
Q

Mechanism of action for vancomycin

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan formation.

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13
Q

Mechanism of selective toxicity in protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Bacterial and Mammalian ribosomes are different

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14
Q

Mechanism of action for tetracyclines and aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA at the 30s subunit

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15
Q

Mechanism of action for chloramphenicol

A

Inhibits peptidyl transferase activity

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16
Q

Mechanism of action for macrolides

A

Binds to 50s and inhibits translocation

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17
Q

Example of sulphonamides

A

Sulfamethoxazole

18
Q

Trimethoprim combined with sulfamethoxazole

A

Co-Trimoxazole

19
Q

Example of quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

20
Q

Example of nitroinidazoles

A

Metronidazole

21
Q

Example of a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor used in the treatment of TB

A

Rifampicin

22
Q

Example of penicillins (5)

A

Benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, flucloxacillin

23
Q

Example of broad spectrum penicillin

A

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

24
Q

Example of penicillinase resistant penicillin

A

Flucloxacillin

25
Q

Example of antipseudomonal penicillins

A

Piperacillin

26
Q

Examples of cephalosporins (3)

A

Cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone

27
Q

Drug used to treat MRSA

A

Vancomycin

28
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides (2)

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin

29
Q

Example of tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

30
Q

Examples of macrolides (2)

A

Clarythromycin, erythromycin

31
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor used topically for eye infections

A

Chloramphenicol

32
Q

Novel drug used in MRSA and VRSA

A

Linezolid

33
Q

Mild/Mod CAP

A

Amoxicillin (Doxycycline in pen allergic)

34
Q

Severe CAP

A

Co-Amoxiclav + Clarithromycin or Doxycycline

35
Q

Severe HA Pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + Metronizadole + Gentamicin

36
Q

Non severe HA Pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + Metronizadole

37
Q

Acute Endocarditis

A

Flucloxicillin + Gentamicin

38
Q

Sub-Acute Endocarditis

A

Benzylpenicillin + Gentamicin

39
Q

Suspected MRSA/Prosthetic

A

Vancomycin + Rifampicin + Gentamicin

40
Q

TB

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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