Antibiotic Medications

Question 1

What are aminoglycoside’s mechanism of action?

Answer 1

Protein Synthesis inhibitor

Question 2

Where do aminoglycosides bind?

Answer 2

30S ribosomal subunit

Question 3

Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 3

Both depending on dosage

Question 4

What type of bacteria are aminoglycosides best against?

Answer 4

Gram negative aerobic bacteria

Question 5

What are the two types of Antimetabolites?

Answer 5

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Question 6

What are antimetabolites mechanism of action?

Answer 6

Interfere with DNA synthesis by preventing folate synthesis.

Question 7

What part of the folate synthesis do Sulfonamides target?

Answer 7

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)

Question 8

What part of folate synthesis does Trimethoprim target?

Answer 8

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

Question 9

Are Antimetabolites bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 9

Each alone are bacteriostatic. Together they are bactericidal.

Question 10

What types of bacteria are Antimetabolites effective against?

Answer 10

Gram positive and gram negative.

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action for Tetracyclines?

Answer 11

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 12

Where do Tetracyclines bind?

Answer 12

30S ribosomal subunit

Question 13

Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 13

Bacteriostatic

Question 14

What types of bacteria are tetracyclines effective against?

Answer 14

Wide variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Atypical bacteria.

Question 15

What is the class of antibiotics, Penicillins, also referred to as?

Answer 15

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action for Penicillins?

Answer 16

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors.

Question 17

Are penicillins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 17

Bactericidal

Question 18

Narrow spectrum beta lactamase susceptible medications are effective against…

Answer 18

A small amount of bacteria that are similar in features. For example, common gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and spirochetes.

Question 19

Broad spectrum beta lactamase susceptible medications are effective against…

Answer 19

A wide variety of bacteria. Including, wide variety of gram negative bacteria and some gram positive bacteria but less potent.

Question 20

Very narrow spectrum beta lactamase resistant medications are effective against…

Answer 20

only gram positive bacteria

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action for Cephalosporins?

Answer 21

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 22

Are cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 22

Bactericidal

Question 23

How many generations of cephalosporins are there?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

How are cephalosporin generations classified

Answer 24

1st generation has the narrowest spectrum, each successive generation treats a wider variety of bacteria.

Question 25

1st generation cephalosporins are effective against...

Answer 25

Gram positive and some gram negative

Question 26

2nd generation cephalosporins are most effective against...

Answer 26

gram positive, more gram negative, and anaerobic bacteria

Question 27

3rd generation cephalosporins are effective against...

Answer 27

More effective against gram negative

Question 28

4th generation cephalosporins are effective against...

Answer 28

very effective against gram positive and negative

Question 29

5th generation is effective against...

Answer 29

broad spectrum that covers everything.

Question 30

What is Metronidazole (Flagyl) mechanism of action?

Answer 30

DNA synthesis inhibitors. Activated by ferredoxin found in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans. Forms free radicles that damage DNA.

Question 31

Is Metronidazole Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

Answer 31

Bactericidal

Question 32

What is Metronidazole effective against?

Answer 32

Gram positive and negative anaerobes. AND protozoans.

Question 33

What is the mechanism of action for Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 33

DNA synthesis inhibitors. Inactivates DNA topoisomerase II and IV. Bacteria is unable to unwinds and separate DNA molecules.

Question 34

Are Fluoroquinolones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 34

Bactericidal

Question 35

What are Fluoroquinolones effective against?

Answer 35

Broad spectrum. Used mostly for hospital acquired infections or antibiotic resistant organisms.

Question 36

What are older fluoroquinolones (Second Generation) are most effective against...

Answer 36

very effective against gram negative bacteria, less effective against gram positive bacteria.

Question 37

Newer Fluoroquinolones (Third Generation) is effective against...

Answer 37

Improved effectiveness against gram positive, cocci, and atypical.