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PA 510 > Antibiotic Medications > Flashcards

Antibiotic Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are aminoglycoside’s mechanism of action?

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor

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2
Q

Where do aminoglycosides bind?

A

30S ribosomal subunit

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3
Q

Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Both depending on dosage

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4
Q

What type of bacteria are aminoglycosides best against?

A

Gram negative aerobic bacteria

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5
Q

What are the two types of Antimetabolites?

A

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

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6
Q

What are antimetabolites mechanism of action?

A

Interfere with DNA synthesis by preventing folate synthesis.

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7
Q

What part of the folate synthesis do Sulfonamides target?

A

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)

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8
Q

What part of folate synthesis does Trimethoprim target?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

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9
Q

Are Antimetabolites bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Each alone are bacteriostatic. Together they are bactericidal.

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10
Q

What types of bacteria are Antimetabolites effective against?

A

Gram positive and gram negative.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Tetracyclines?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

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12
Q

Where do Tetracyclines bind?

A

30S ribosomal subunit

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13
Q

Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

What types of bacteria are tetracyclines effective against?

A

Wide variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Atypical bacteria.

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15
Q

What is the class of antibiotics, Penicillins, also referred to as?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Penicillins?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors.

17
Q

Are penicillins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

18
Q

Narrow spectrum beta lactamase susceptible medications are effective against…

A

A small amount of bacteria that are similar in features. For example, common gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and spirochetes.

19
Q

Broad spectrum beta lactamase susceptible medications are effective against…

A

A wide variety of bacteria. Including, wide variety of gram negative bacteria and some gram positive bacteria but less potent.

20
Q

Very narrow spectrum beta lactamase resistant medications are effective against…

A

only gram positive bacteria

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Cephalosporins?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

22
Q

Are cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

23
Q

How many generations of cephalosporins are there?

A

5

24
Q

How are cephalosporin generations classified

A

1st generation has the narrowest spectrum, each successive generation treats a wider variety of bacteria.

25
Q

1st generation cephalosporins are effective against…

A

Gram positive and some gram negative

26
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins are most effective against…

A

gram positive, more gram negative, and anaerobic bacteria

27
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins are effective against…

A

More effective against gram negative

28
Q

4th generation cephalosporins are effective against…

A

very effective against gram positive and negative

29
Q

5th generation is effective against…

A

broad spectrum that covers everything.

30
Q

What is Metronidazole (Flagyl) mechanism of action?

A

DNA synthesis inhibitors. Activated by ferredoxin found in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans. Forms free radicles that damage DNA.

31
Q

Is Metronidazole Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

32
Q

What is Metronidazole effective against?

A

Gram positive and negative anaerobes. AND protozoans.

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Fluoroquinolones?

A

DNA synthesis inhibitors. Inactivates DNA topoisomerase II and IV. Bacteria is unable to unwinds and separate DNA molecules.

34
Q

Are Fluoroquinolones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

35
Q

What are Fluoroquinolones effective against?

A

Broad spectrum. Used mostly for hospital acquired infections or antibiotic resistant organisms.

36
Q

What are older fluoroquinolones (Second Generation) are most effective against…

A

very effective against gram negative bacteria, less effective against gram positive bacteria.

37
Q

Newer Fluoroquinolones (Third Generation) is effective against…

A

Improved effectiveness against gram positive, cocci, and atypical.

PA 510 (3 decks)

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