Antibiotic Key Concepts Flashcards
Name the classes of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S ribosome.
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Name the class of drugs that work by DNA gyrase inhibition.
Fluoroquinolones
Name the class of drugs that works by folic acid inhibition.
Potentiated sulfonamides
This class of drugs is synergistic when combined with Aminoglycosides.
β-lactams
Name the drug classes that are bacteriostatic.
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Phenicols
**all the protein synthesis inhibitors but Aminoglycosides
Name the drug class that works by inhibiting cell walls.
β-lactams
Name the classes of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome.
Phenicols
Macrolides
Lincosamides
β-lactams and Potentiated sulfonamides are ________ dependent.
time
Which organ do Macrolides love?
The lungs!!!
What class of antibiotics is concentration dependent (Cmax:MIC)?
Aminoglycosides
Name three antibiotic classes that are hydrophilic.
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
What three classes of antibiotics are concentration dependent (AUC:MIC)?
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines
Nitroimidazoles
Doxycycline is known to cause what in cats?
Esophageal strictures
Name two β-lactamase inhibitors.
clavulanic acid or clavulanate
sulbactam
This class of antibiotics is prohibited from ELDU in food animals.
Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin is known to cause ocular toxicity at doses of _____ or higher.
5 mg/kg
What class of antibiotics is known for cartilage damage in young animals, especially foals?
Fluoroquinolones
Name two 1st Generation Cephalosporins.
cefazolin
cephalexin
**remember 1st letter after 1st syllable = “a”
“a” = 1st letter of alphabet, so 1st generation
Which Fluoroquinolone is known to cause bone marrow suppression in dogs and therefore is NOT labeled for use in this species?
pradofloxacin
Name two Aminoglycosides.
Amikacin
Gentamicin
What is the spectrum of action for Fluoroquinolones?
Broad spectrum
Doberman Pinschers are predisposed to hypersensitivity reactions to this class of antibiotics.
Potentiated sulfonamides
All Fluoroquinolones are considered off-label for horses. Which Fluoroquinolone can NOT be used in this species as it causes death?
ciprofloxacin
Which class of antibiotics is known for being a “Jack of all trades… Master of Rickettsia”?
Tetracyclines
Which drug in the Tetracycline class is known for causing nephrotoxicity?
oxytetracycline
Which drug class has the following spectrum of action?
Gram-negatives and Staphylococcus spp.
NO Streptococcus spp. or anaerobes
Aminoglycosides
This formulation of doxycycline is a no no for horses (it kills them).
IV
Which Tetracycline drugs are the most lipophilic?
monocycline
doxycycline
Name four 3rd Generation Cephalosporins. Which is the human one?
ceftiofur
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefovecin
ceftazidine (human one)
This class of antibiotics is known for being a teratogen as it causes skeletal and dental issues.
Tetracyclines
This class of antibiotics causes slobbers in cats.
Potentiated sulfonamides
This class of antibiotics is most commonly used in horses.
Potentiated sulfonamides
Which three classes of antibiotics accumulate intracellularly and are good for abscesses?
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Phenicols
This class of antibiotics is known to cause diarrhea in adult horses and hyperthermia in foals.
Macrolides
Client education for this drug in the Phenicol class should be to wear gloves when handling, dissolve the medication (do NOT crush), and use proper restraint of the animal when administering.
chloramphenicol
chloramphenicol caution ______
cats
Which drug class has the following spectrum of action?
Gram-positives
Mycoplasma spp.
Macrolides
Name three Macrolide drugs.
erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin
Which class of antibiotics can be used successfully against Protozoa and anaerobes?
Nitroimidazoles
This class of antibiotics is known for causing diarrhea in horses and rabbits.
Lincosamides
This drug from the Phenicol class is prohibited from use in food animals.
chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is known to cause toxicity to what in humans?
Bone marrow
