Antibiotic Key Concepts

Question 1

Name the classes of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S ribosome.

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 2

Name the class of drugs that work by DNA gyrase inhibition.

Answer 2

Fluoroquinolones

Question 3

Name the class of drugs that works by folic acid inhibition.

Answer 3

Potentiated sulfonamides

Question 4

This class of drugs is synergistic when combined with Aminoglycosides.

Answer 4

β-lactams

Question 5

Name the drug classes that are bacteriostatic.

Answer 5

Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Phenicols

**all the protein synthesis inhibitors but Aminoglycosides

Question 6

Name the drug class that works by inhibiting cell walls.

Answer 6

β-lactams

Question 7

Name the classes of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome.

Answer 7

Phenicols
Macrolides
Lincosamides

Question 8

β-lactams and Potentiated sulfonamides are ________ dependent.

Answer 8

time

Question 9

Which organ do Macrolides love?

Answer 9

The lungs!!!

Question 10

What class of antibiotics is concentration dependent (Cmax:MIC)?

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides

Question 11

Name three antibiotic classes that are hydrophilic.

Answer 11

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides

Question 12

What three classes of antibiotics are concentration dependent (AUC:MIC)?

Answer 12

Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines
Nitroimidazoles

Question 13

Doxycycline is known to cause what in cats?

Answer 13

Esophageal strictures

Question 14

Name two β-lactamase inhibitors.

Answer 14

clavulanic acid or clavulanate
sulbactam

Question 15

This class of antibiotics is prohibited from ELDU in food animals.

Answer 15

Fluoroquinolones

Question 16

Enrofloxacin is known to cause ocular toxicity at doses of _____ or higher.

Answer 16

5 mg/kg

Question 17

What class of antibiotics is known for cartilage damage in young animals, especially foals?

Answer 17

Fluoroquinolones

Question 18

Name two 1st Generation Cephalosporins.

Answer 18

cefazolin
cephalexin

**remember 1st letter after 1st syllable = “a”
“a” = 1st letter of alphabet, so 1st generation

Question 19

Which Fluoroquinolone is known to cause bone marrow suppression in dogs and therefore is NOT labeled for use in this species?

Answer 19

pradofloxacin

Question 20

Name two Aminoglycosides.

Answer 20

Amikacin
Gentamicin

Question 21

What is the spectrum of action for Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 21

Broad spectrum

Question 22

Doberman Pinschers are predisposed to hypersensitivity reactions to this class of antibiotics.

Answer 22

Potentiated sulfonamides

Question 23

All Fluoroquinolones are considered off-label for horses. Which Fluoroquinolone can NOT be used in this species as it causes death?

Answer 23

ciprofloxacin

Question 24

Which class of antibiotics is known for being a “Jack of all trades… Master of Rickettsia”?

Answer 24

Tetracyclines

Question 25

Which drug in the Tetracycline class is known for causing nephrotoxicity?

Answer 25

oxytetracycline

Question 26

Which drug class has the following spectrum of action? Gram-negatives and *Staphylococcus* spp. NO *Streptococcus* spp. or anaerobes

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides

Question 27

This formulation of doxycycline is a no no for horses (it kills them).

Answer 27

IV

Question 28

Which Tetracycline drugs are the most lipophilic?

Answer 28

monocycline doxycycline

Question 29

Name four 3rd Generation Cephalosporins. Which is the human one?

Answer 29

ceftiofur cefpodoxime proxetil cefovecin ceftazidine (human one)

Question 30

This class of antibiotics is known for being a teratogen as it causes skeletal and dental issues.

Answer 30

Tetracyclines

Question 31

This class of antibiotics causes slobbers in cats.

Answer 31

Potentiated sulfonamides

Question 32

This class of antibiotics is most commonly used in horses.

Answer 32

Potentiated sulfonamides

Question 33

Which three classes of antibiotics accumulate intracellularly and are good for abscesses?

Answer 33

Macrolides Lincosamides Phenicols

Question 34

This class of antibiotics is known to cause diarrhea in adult horses and hyperthermia in foals.

Answer 34

Macrolides

Question 35

Client education for this drug in the Phenicol class should be to wear gloves when handling, dissolve the medication (do NOT crush), and use proper restraint of the animal when administering.

Answer 35

chloramphenicol

Question 36

****c****hloramphenicol ****c****aution ______

Answer 36

**c**ats

Question 37

Which drug class has the following spectrum of action? Gram-positives *Mycoplasma* spp.

Answer 37

Macrolides

Question 38

Name three Macrolide drugs.

Answer 38

erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin

Question 39

Which class of antibiotics can be used successfully against Protozoa and anaerobes?

Answer 39

Nitroimidazoles

Question 40

This class of antibiotics is known for causing diarrhea in horses and rabbits.

Answer 40

Lincosamides

Question 41

This drug from the Phenicol class is prohibited from use in food animals.

Answer 41

chloramphenicol

Question 42

Chloramphenicol is known to cause toxicity to what in humans?

Answer 42

Bone marrow