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Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G V moa

A

D ala d ala structural analog
Bind to penicillin binding protein and prevent cross linking of peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Adverse effect of penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity reaction
Coombs test positive
Hemolytic anemia
Drug induced interstitial nephritis

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3
Q

Resistance to penicillin is by

A

Beta lactamases
Pbp mutation

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4
Q

Penicillinase sensitive penicillin names

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Amino penicillin

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5
Q

Penicillinase sensitive penicillin used in

A

H.pylori h.influenza e.coli enterococci, listeria proteus salmonella shigella

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6
Q

Adverse effect in penicillinase sensitive penicillin

A

Same as penicillin and pseudomembranous colitis

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7
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillin

A

Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

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8
Q

Pipperacillin is used for which organism

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

Moa of cephalosporin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Adverse effect of cephalosporin

A

Hypersensitivity reaction
Hemolytic anemia
Disulfiram like reaction
Vitamin K deficiency
Increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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11
Q

Resistance to cephalosporin by?

A

Cephalosporinase

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12
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavullinic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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13
Q

Carbapenem moa

A

Bind to penicillin binding protein and prevent cell wall synthesis
They are beta lactamase resistant

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14
Q

What is carbapenem admistered with and why

A

Cilastatin because it inhibits renal dyhydropeptidase I to decrease inactivation of the drug in renal tubules

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15
Q

A/e of carbapenem

A

GI distress and Cns toxicity

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16
Q

Resistance to carbapenem is by

A

Carbapenemase

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17
Q

Aztreonam moa

A

Bind to penicillin binding protein 3

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18
Q

Aztreonam used in

A

Gram negative rods
Used in penicillin allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency that cannot tolerate aminoglycosides

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19
Q

Vancomycin moa

A

It binds to D ala D ala portion of cell wall precursor and prevents cell wall synthesis

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20
Q

Side effects of vancomycin

A

Dress syndrome
Neohrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis

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21
Q

Resistance to vancomycin

A

Structural change in D ala D ala

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22
Q

Moa of aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit irreversibly and prevents initiation of translation
Requires O2 to start therefore not effective in anaerobes

23
Q

Adverse effect of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity ototoxicity neuromuscular blockade
Teratogenicity

24
Q

Resistance to aminoglycosides

A

By adnelylation acetylation and phosphorylation of the drug

25
Q

Moa of tetracyclines

A

Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit prevent tRNA attachment to A site
Avoid giving with milk, iron supplements, antacids

26
Q

Doxycycline given in renal insufficiency patients why

A

Since it is excreted fecally

27
Q

Side effects of tetracyclines

A

Impair Bone development and teeth discoloration in children
Photosensitivity

28
Q

Moa of chloramphenicol

A

Inhibit 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptidyl transferase I

29
Q

Side effects of chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anemia
Anemia
Gray baby syndrome

30
Q

Resistance to tetracycline

A

Efflux pumps

31
Q

Moa of Clindamycin

A

Blocks 50s subunit inhibits peptide transfer

32
Q

Uses of clindamycin

A

Against anaerobic infection above the diaphragm

33
Q

Adverse effects of clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

34
Q

MOA of linezolid

A

Inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit

35
Q

Linezolid used in

A

MRSA and VRE

36
Q

Side effects of linezolid

A

Myelosuppresion - thrombocytopenia
Peripheral neuropathy
Serotonin syndrome

37
Q

Resistance to linezolid achieved by

A

Point mutation in ribosomalRNA

38
Q

MOA of macrolide

A

Inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit

39
Q

Names of macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

40
Q

Side effects of macrolides

A

GI motility issues
Arrhythmia
Cholesterol hepatitis
Rash
Eosinophilia
Increases levels of theophylline and oral coagulants
Erythro and clarithro are P450 inhibitors

41
Q

Resistance to macrolides

A

Methylation of 23s rRNA - binding site prevents binding of drugs

42
Q

MOA of tetracycline

A

Inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit

43
Q

Side effects of fluroquinolone

A

Tendinitis in more than 60y olds
Not used in pregnant women and chikdren <18 as it causes torsade de pointes

44
Q

Resistance to fluroquinolones

A

Change in structure of DNA gyrase or efflux pumps

45
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

Forms free radicals that damage the DNA of bacteria

46
Q

Metronidazole used in

A

Giardiasis
Entamoeba
Trichomonas
Gardernella
Anaerobes
H.pylori

47
Q

Side effects of metronidazole

A

Disulifram like reaction

48
Q

MOA of daptomycin

A

Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane of gram positive cocci bacteria by forming transmembrane channels

49
Q

Side effects of daptomysin

A

Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

50
Q

MOA of sulphonamides and dapsone

A

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

51
Q

Side effects of sulfonamides

A

He moly’s is in G6PD deficient
SJS
Jernicterus in infants
Displaces drugs from albumin
Nephrotoxicity

52
Q

Side effects of dapsone

A

Methhemoglobinemia
Hemolysis in G6PD deficient
Agranulocytosis

53
Q

MOA of trimethoprim

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

54
Q

Side effects of trimethoprim

A

Myelosuppression which can be prevented with leucovorin
Hyperkalemia

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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