Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
Antibiotic Indications
Empiric therapy: we dont know bacteria yet
Definitive therapy: we know the specific bacteria
Prophylactic therapy: give to someone getting abdominal surgery/trauma for infection
How to know if an antibiotic is working
Reduction of manifestations
-fever
-pain
-inflammation
-adventitious breath sounds
Antibiotics usually start working right away but take several days to notice an effect
It is important for patients to complete their full course of antibiotics as prescribed to prevent antibiotic resistance
Vancomycin indications
MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection)
C. Diff infections
Vancomycin nursing implications
Monitor peak and trough
- peak 20- 40 mcg/mL
- trough 5-15 mcg/mL
Infuse over 60 minutes to prevent hypotension
Vancomycin adverse effects
Ototoxicity
Red man syndrome
Renal toxicity
What to do with Redman Syndrome
Infusion related to vancomycin
Occurs if medication is infused too quickly (should be infused by an hour)
— pruritus, hypotension and tachycardia can occur
Should be discontinued immediately (a dose of diphenhydramine [benadryl] can abort reaction)
Quinolone indication
Upper respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary tract
Bone and joint infections
Quinolone Adverse effects
Tendinitis or tendon rupture
C. Diff infection
Quinolone Black Box Warning
Quinolone Client teaching
Avoid antacids, iron supplements, milk, and dairy products
Report tendon pain or inflammation
Avoid sunlight and tanning beds
Aminoglycoside examples
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside Client teaching
Report tinnitus, dizziness, and vertigo
(Ototoxicity)
Macrolides indications
Treat infections typically treated with penicillin (PCN) in clients with PCN allergy
Metronidazole Adverse effects
Miscellaneous antibiotics
Nausea, dry mouth, headache
Metallic taste
Sulfonamides Indication
Urinary tract infection
Tetracyclines Client teaching
Avoid milk, dairy products, and antacids
Avoid sunlight and tanning beds
