Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

A drug that kills or stops the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial. Penicillin and ciprofloxacin are examples of antibiotics.

Question 2

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 2

Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria.

Question 3

Antimicrobial

Answer 3

A substance, such as an antibiotic, that kills or stops the growth of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Antimicrobials are grouped according to the microbes they act against (antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals). Also referred to as drugs.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Single-celled organisms that live in and around us with a distinct structure from other microbes. Bacteria can be helpful, but can also cause illnesses such as strep throat, ear infections, and pneumonia.

Question 5

Drug class

Answer 5

Antibiotics are categorized into classes of drugs. Each class is defined by the way it kills or stops the growth of bacteria. NARMS uses the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s drug classes to categorize antibiotics.

Question 6

Genes

Answer 6

Genes, which are made up of DNA, are the basic units that define the characteristics of every organism. Genes carry information that determine traits, such as eye color in humans and resistance to antibiotics in bacteria.

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

A genome is an organism’s complete set of genes that carry the genetic instructions for building and maintaining that organism.

Question 8

Microbes

Answer 8

Living organisms, like bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which can cause infections or disease. Also referred to as germs.

Question 9

ADDITIVE EFFECT

Answer 9

equal to the sum of the effects of two antibiotics

Question 10

POTENTIATIVE EFFECT

Answer 10

occurs when one antibiotic increases the effectiveness of the 2nd drug.

Question 11

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT

Answer 11

when two drugs are used together, the desired effect may be greatly reduced.

Question 12

Narrow Spectrum

Answer 12

primarily effective against one type of organism (selective)

Question 13

ANTIBIOTICS AFFECTING THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL

Answer 13

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Other Inhibitors

Question 14

Penicillin

Answer 14

are used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They work by killing the bacteria or preventing their growth. There are several different kinds of penicillin. Each is used to treat different kinds of infections.

Question 14

Cephalosporins

Answer 14

are beta-lactam antimicrobials used to manage a wide range of infections from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Question 15

ANTIBIOTICS AFFECTING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Answer 15

Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides

Question 16

Tetracyclines

Answer 16

are used to treat infections and to help control acne. Demeclocycline, doxycycline, and minocycline also may be used for other problems as determined by your doctor. Tetracyclines will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.

Question 17

Macrolides

Answer 17

are a class of drugs used to manage and treat various bacterial infections. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin are commonly used to treat infections like pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. They are also used in uncomplicated skin infections and otitis media in pediatric patients.

Question 18

Aminoglycosides

Answer 18

are used in the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis. They are also used for prophylaxis, especially against endocarditis. Resistance is rare but increasing in frequency.

Question 19

Tuberculosis

Answer 19

is a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine. A person with TB can die if they do not get treatment.