Antibiotic Coverage Flashcards
Penicillin G/V
Streptococcus Enterococcus faecalis Some oral anaerobes Clostridium N. meningitidis Syphilis (Trepnoema pallidum)
Cloxacillin
Staph aureus (MSSA)
Staph epidermidis
Streptococci (some coverage)
Ampicillin/Amoxicillin
Streptococcus Enterococcus E. coli Proteus H. influenzae Listeria NOT - Klebsiella
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (Clavulin)
Streptococcus Enterococcus E. coli Proteus H. influenzae Listeria
Staph aureus
Klebsiella
M. catarrhalis
Bacteroides (gut anarobes)
Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
Ampicillin Coverage +
PEcK
+/- Bacteroides (gut anarobes)
SPACE/SPICE bugs - but develop resistance during therapy!
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate
PEcK Staph aureus (MSSA) H. influenzae M. catarrhalis Oral and gut anarobes SPACE and SPICE - still develop resistance
1st Gen Cephalosporins
Cefazolin - IV (Ancef)
Cephalexin - PO (Keflex)
Staph aureus
Most Streptococci
PEcK
Some oral anaerobes
NOT: H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, gut anarobes, SPACE/SPICE
2nd Gen Cephalosporins
Cefuroxime - IV/PO
Cefaclor
Cefprozil - PO
Less Staph coverage Streptococci PEcK H. influenzae M. catarrhalis
2nd Gen Cephalosporin + Anaerobic coverage
Cefoxitin - IV
Less Staph coverage PEcK H. influenzae M. catarrhalis Anaerobic coverage (increasing resistance in Bacteroides)
3rd Gen Cephalosporin
Cefotaxime - IV
Ceftriaxone - IV
Cefixime - PO
Streptococci coverage
PEcK
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
NOT: SPACE/SPICE infections
!!BEST penetration into CNS!!!
3rd Gen Cephalosporin + Pseudomonas
Ceftazidime
Good GN coverage
Less GP coverage
P. aeruginosa
4th Gen Cephalosporin
Cefepime - IV
Good GP coverage - Staph and Strep
Good GN coverage (including P. aeruginosa)
More stable vs BLs of SPACE/SPICE bugs
Ertapenem
Staph aureus (MSSA) Streptococci \+/- Enterococcus (faecalis) Good GN Coverage - SACE/SICE Good anaerobic coverage
Meropenem
Imipenem
Doripenem
Staph aureus (MSSA) Streptococci \+/- Enterococcus (faecalis) Good GN Coverage - SACE/SICE Good anaerobic coverage
P. aeruginosa coverage (unlike ertapenem)
Vancomycin
Staph aureus (MRSA) Staph epidermidis (and other CN Staph) Streptococcus Enterococcus C. difficile (PO treatment only)
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
GN coverage only
SPACE/SPICE
NO: anaerobic coverage
Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - PO
Azithromycin (Zithromax) - IV/PO
Staph aureus
Streptococci
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
ATYPICALS: Mycoplasma Chlamydophilia Legionella N. gonorhoeae B. pertussis Lyme disease Campylobacter H. pylori MAC - Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (HIV)
NOT: Enterococcus, GN bacilli, anaerobiccoverage
Erythromycin - PO/IV
Staph aureus
Streptococci
ATYPICALS: Mycoplasma Chlamydophilia Legionella N. gonorhoeae B. pertussis Lyme disease Campylobacter H. pylori MAC - Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (HIV)
NOT: Enterococcus, GN bacilli, anaerobiccoverage
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Staph aureus
Streptococcus
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
ATYPICALS:
Mycoplasma
Chlamydophilia
Legionella
MISC:
B. burgdorferi, Rickettsiae
NOT: Enterococci
Tigecycline - IV
Staphylococcus (including MRSA) Streptococci Enterococci (including VRE) Most GN - Except Proteus, Pseudomonas, Providencia Gut anarobes Atypicals
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - for respiratory infections
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
PEcK H. influenzae M. catarrhalis SPACE/SPICE - (most active vs P. aeruginosa) N. gonorrhoeae Salmonella Shigella Staph aureus (MSSA) Streptococci ATYPICALS: Mycoplasma penumoniae Chlamydophilia pneumoniae Legionella pneumophilia
** Moxifloxacin - also anaerobic coverage
Unreliable: Enterococci
NOT recommended for GP infections
TMP-SMX (Septra)
Staph aureus (Including MRSA) Strep pneumoniae Listeria Norcardia PEcK H. influenzae M. catarrhalis SICE/SACE (NOT P. aeruginosa) S. maltophilia B. cepacia
NOT: Enterococci
Clindamycin
Staph aureus
Streptococcus
Anaerobes
NOT: Enterococcus
Metronidazole
Anaerobes (including C. difficile)
Others - Protozoa
