Antibiotic Cover Flashcards

1
Q

What are Beta Lacatam Antibiotics?

A

Penicillin
Carbapenem
Aztreonam
Cephalosporins

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2
Q

What do penicillins cover?

A

Gram Positive

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3
Q

What type of drugs are Pipercillin/Tazbactam?

A

Penicillins

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4
Q

What is the coverage of Pipercillin and Tazobacatam?

A
"Gram Positive 
Gram Negative 
Pseudomonas 
Anaerobes 
"
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5
Q

What is the coverage of a carbapenem? What is an example of a carbapenem?

A

“I’m a pen” - covers everything. Lots of side effects

e.g. meropenem

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6
Q

What are the side effects of carbapenem?

A
Considered a “last resort” drug
 because of side effects: 
 Secondary fungal infections
 Can lower seizure threshold 
(especially imipenem)
 Gastrointestinal upset
 Rash
 Thrombophlebitis
"
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7
Q

What is the clinical indication of aztreonam?

A

Gram negative / pseudomonas

Used in renal failure when gentamicin required (Gram negative cover)

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8
Q

Give an example and coverage of first generation cephalosporin?

A

Oral: cephalexin
IV, IM: cefazolin

Coverage: Gram positive / some gram negative

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9
Q

Give an example and coverage of second generation cephalosporin?

A

Oral: Cefuroxime
IV: cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime

Cover: Gram positive + gram negative

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10
Q

Give an example and coverage of third generation cephalosporin?

A

Oral: cefixime
IV: ceftriaxone , cefotaxime,

Cover: Some Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Give an example and coverage of fourth generation cephalosporin?

A

Drugs: IV cefepime

Cover:Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas

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12
Q

What is vancomycin used for?

A

Gram Positive + MRSA

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13
Q

What is oral vancomycin used for?

A

C-Diff infections (second line)

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14
Q

What drug class is vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic

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15
Q

Side effects of vancomycin?

A
Nephrotoxicity 
Ototoxicity/vestibular toxicity 
Rapid infusion = anaphylactoid 
Thrombophlebitis
Neutropenia
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16
Q

What are the components of co-trimoaxazole?

A

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

17
Q

What is sulfamethazole / Trimethroprim coverage?

A

Gram Postive
Gram Negative cover
MRSA

18
Q

Give examples of the fluroquinolones?

A

Oral: norfloxacin, moxifloxacin,
gemifloxacin

Oral or IV ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
levofloxacin

19
Q

What is the coverage of fluroqinolones?

A

Some Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Pseudomonas
Atypicals

20
Q

What are fluroqinolone side effects?

A
"In children: potential damage to growing cartilage; 
reversible arthropathy
Muscle ache, tendinitis, tendon rupture (especially the 
Achilles tendon) 
Peripheral neuropathy
Can lower the seizure threshold
QT prolongation 
Photosensitivity
GI upset"
21
Q

What is metronidazole coverage?

A

Anaerobes (e.g., Clostridium, Bacteroides)
Helicobacter pylori as part of a
triple therapy regimen

GET GAP on the Metro! 
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas
, Gardnerella, Anaerobes 
(Clostridium, Bacteroides), 
H. Pylori → Metronidazole)"
22
Q

What is metronidazole side effects?

A

Neurotoxicity (e.g., headache)
Disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol
(flushing, tachycardia, hypotension)
Metallic taste

23
Q

What is the coverage of gentamicin?

A

Gram Negative

Pseudomonas

24
Q

What is the coverage of tetracyclines?

A

Gram positive
Some gram negative
MRSA - Doxycycline

25
Q

What is clindamycin’s cover?

A

Gram Positive
MRSA
Anaerobes

26
Q

What are the macrolides?

A

Oral or IV erythromycin
Oral or IV azithromycin
Oral clarithromycin

27
Q

What do macrocodes cover?

A

“Gram positive
Some gram negatives
Atypicals “