Antibiotic Cover Flashcards
What are Beta Lacatam Antibiotics?
Penicillin
Carbapenem
Aztreonam
Cephalosporins
What do penicillins cover?
Gram Positive
What type of drugs are Pipercillin/Tazbactam?
Penicillins
What is the coverage of Pipercillin and Tazobacatam?
"Gram Positive Gram Negative Pseudomonas Anaerobes "
What is the coverage of a carbapenem? What is an example of a carbapenem?
“I’m a pen” - covers everything. Lots of side effects
e.g. meropenem
What are the side effects of carbapenem?
Considered a “last resort” drug because of side effects: Secondary fungal infections Can lower seizure threshold (especially imipenem) Gastrointestinal upset Rash Thrombophlebitis "
What is the clinical indication of aztreonam?
Gram negative / pseudomonas
Used in renal failure when gentamicin required (Gram negative cover)
Give an example and coverage of first generation cephalosporin?
Oral: cephalexin
IV, IM: cefazolin
Coverage: Gram positive / some gram negative
Give an example and coverage of second generation cephalosporin?
Oral: Cefuroxime
IV: cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime
Cover: Gram positive + gram negative
Give an example and coverage of third generation cephalosporin?
Oral: cefixime
IV: ceftriaxone , cefotaxime,
Cover: Some Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas
Give an example and coverage of fourth generation cephalosporin?
Drugs: IV cefepime
Cover:Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas
What is vancomycin used for?
Gram Positive + MRSA
What is oral vancomycin used for?
C-Diff infections (second line)
What drug class is vancomycin?
Glycopeptide antibiotic
Side effects of vancomycin?
Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity/vestibular toxicity Rapid infusion = anaphylactoid Thrombophlebitis Neutropenia