Antibiotic Cover

Question 1

What are Beta Lacatam Antibiotics?

Answer 1

Penicillin
Carbapenem
Aztreonam
Cephalosporins

Question 2

What do penicillins cover?

Answer 2

Gram Positive

Question 3

What type of drugs are Pipercillin/Tazbactam?

Answer 3

Penicillins

Question 4

What is the coverage of Pipercillin and Tazobacatam?

Answer 4

"Gram Positive 
Gram Negative 
Pseudomonas 
Anaerobes 
"

Question 5

What is the coverage of a carbapenem? What is an example of a carbapenem?

Answer 5

“I’m a pen” - covers everything. Lots of side effects

e.g. meropenem

Question 6

What are the side effects of carbapenem?

Answer 6

Considered a “last resort” drug
 because of side effects: 
 Secondary fungal infections
 Can lower seizure threshold 
(especially imipenem)
 Gastrointestinal upset
 Rash
 Thrombophlebitis
"

Question 7

What is the clinical indication of aztreonam?

Answer 7

Gram negative / pseudomonas

Used in renal failure when gentamicin required (Gram negative cover)

Question 8

Give an example and coverage of first generation cephalosporin?

Answer 8

Oral: cephalexin
IV, IM: cefazolin

Coverage: Gram positive / some gram negative

Question 9

Give an example and coverage of second generation cephalosporin?

Answer 9

Oral: Cefuroxime
IV: cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime

Cover: Gram positive + gram negative

Question 10

Give an example and coverage of third generation cephalosporin?

Answer 10

Oral: cefixime
IV: ceftriaxone , cefotaxime,

Cover: Some Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas

Question 11

Give an example and coverage of fourth generation cephalosporin?

Answer 11

Drugs: IV cefepime

Cover:Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas

Question 12

What is vancomycin used for?

Answer 12

Gram Positive + MRSA

Question 13

What is oral vancomycin used for?

Answer 13

C-Diff infections (second line)

Question 14

What drug class is vancomycin?

Answer 14

Glycopeptide antibiotic

Question 15

Side effects of vancomycin?

Answer 15

Nephrotoxicity 
Ototoxicity/vestibular toxicity 
Rapid infusion = anaphylactoid 
Thrombophlebitis
Neutropenia

Question 16

What are the components of co-trimoaxazole?

Answer 16

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

Question 17

What is sulfamethazole / Trimethroprim coverage?

Answer 17

Gram Postive
Gram Negative cover
MRSA

Question 18

Give examples of the fluroquinolones?

Answer 18

Oral: norfloxacin, moxifloxacin,
gemifloxacin

Oral or IV ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
levofloxacin

Question 19

What is the coverage of fluroqinolones?

Answer 19

Some Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Pseudomonas
Atypicals

Question 20

What are fluroqinolone side effects?

Answer 20

"In children: potential damage to growing cartilage; 
reversible arthropathy
Muscle ache, tendinitis, tendon rupture (especially the 
Achilles tendon) 
Peripheral neuropathy
Can lower the seizure threshold
QT prolongation 
Photosensitivity
GI upset"

Question 21

What is metronidazole coverage?

Answer 21

Anaerobes (e.g., Clostridium, Bacteroides)
Helicobacter pylori as part of a
triple therapy regimen

GET GAP on the Metro! 
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas
, Gardnerella, Anaerobes 
(Clostridium, Bacteroides), 
H. Pylori → Metronidazole)"

Question 22

What is metronidazole side effects?

Answer 22

Neurotoxicity (e.g., headache)
Disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol
(flushing, tachycardia, hypotension)
Metallic taste

Question 23

What is the coverage of gentamicin?

Answer 23

Gram Negative

Pseudomonas

Question 24

What is the coverage of tetracyclines?

Answer 24

Gram positive
Some gram negative
MRSA - Doxycycline

Question 25

What is clindamycin's cover?

Answer 25

Gram Positive MRSA Anaerobes

Question 26

What are the macrolides?

Answer 26

Oral or IV erythromycin Oral or IV azithromycin Oral clarithromycin

Question 27

What do macrocodes cover?

Answer 27

"Gram positive Some gram negatives Atypicals "