Antibiotic Cover Flashcards
What are Beta Lacatam Antibiotics?
Penicillin
Carbapenem
Aztreonam
Cephalosporins
What do penicillins cover?
Gram Positive
What type of drugs are Pipercillin/Tazbactam?
Penicillins
What is the coverage of Pipercillin and Tazobacatam?
"Gram Positive Gram Negative Pseudomonas Anaerobes "
What is the coverage of a carbapenem? What is an example of a carbapenem?
“I’m a pen” - covers everything. Lots of side effects
e.g. meropenem
What are the side effects of carbapenem?
Considered a “last resort” drug because of side effects: Secondary fungal infections Can lower seizure threshold (especially imipenem) Gastrointestinal upset Rash Thrombophlebitis "
What is the clinical indication of aztreonam?
Gram negative / pseudomonas
Used in renal failure when gentamicin required (Gram negative cover)
Give an example and coverage of first generation cephalosporin?
Oral: cephalexin
IV, IM: cefazolin
Coverage: Gram positive / some gram negative
Give an example and coverage of second generation cephalosporin?
Oral: Cefuroxime
IV: cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime
Cover: Gram positive + gram negative
Give an example and coverage of third generation cephalosporin?
Oral: cefixime
IV: ceftriaxone , cefotaxime,
Cover: Some Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas
Give an example and coverage of fourth generation cephalosporin?
Drugs: IV cefepime
Cover:Gram Positive + Gram Negative + Pseudomonas
What is vancomycin used for?
Gram Positive + MRSA
What is oral vancomycin used for?
C-Diff infections (second line)
What drug class is vancomycin?
Glycopeptide antibiotic
Side effects of vancomycin?
Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity/vestibular toxicity Rapid infusion = anaphylactoid Thrombophlebitis Neutropenia
What are the components of co-trimoaxazole?
Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
What is sulfamethazole / Trimethroprim coverage?
Gram Postive
Gram Negative cover
MRSA
Give examples of the fluroquinolones?
Oral: norfloxacin, moxifloxacin,
gemifloxacin
Oral or IV ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
levofloxacin
What is the coverage of fluroqinolones?
Some Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Pseudomonas
Atypicals
What are fluroqinolone side effects?
"In children: potential damage to growing cartilage; reversible arthropathy Muscle ache, tendinitis, tendon rupture (especially the Achilles tendon) Peripheral neuropathy Can lower the seizure threshold QT prolongation Photosensitivity GI upset"
What is metronidazole coverage?
Anaerobes (e.g., Clostridium, Bacteroides)
Helicobacter pylori as part of a
triple therapy regimen
GET GAP on the Metro! Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas , Gardnerella, Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides), H. Pylori → Metronidazole)"
What is metronidazole side effects?
Neurotoxicity (e.g., headache)
Disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol
(flushing, tachycardia, hypotension)
Metallic taste
What is the coverage of gentamicin?
Gram Negative
Pseudomonas
What is the coverage of tetracyclines?
Gram positive
Some gram negative
MRSA - Doxycycline
What is clindamycin’s cover?
Gram Positive
MRSA
Anaerobes
What are the macrolides?
Oral or IV erythromycin
Oral or IV azithromycin
Oral clarithromycin
What do macrocodes cover?
“Gram positive
Some gram negatives
Atypicals “