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Infectious Diseases > Antibiotic Classes > Flashcards

Antibiotic Classes Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Good activity against gram-negative organisms and most studied for pseudomonas (except moxifloxacin).

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

ADR: dizziness, psychosis, QTc prolongation, GI upset.

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2
Q

4G Cephalosporin

A

Good activity against gram-positive and negative as well as pseudomonas.

Cefepime

ADR: hypersensitivty reactions, nausea

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3
Q

Nitrofurans

A

Generally active against E. coli, staph, enterococcus, kelbsiella, and enterobacter. May be used for post-coital UTI or uncomplicated UTIs.

Nitrofurantoin

ADR: pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, rash

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4
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics used mainly for pneumonia, arthropod bites, STIs, and MRSA skin infections. Can also be used for malaria prevention.

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

ADR: stain teeth, esophagitis, nausea

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5
Q

Carboxypenicillins

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic - usually given with clavulanate to extend spectrum.

Ticarcillin

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Effective against aerobin gram-negative including pseudomonas.

Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Streptomycin

ADR: renal (ATN) and ototoxicity (CN8)

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7
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Active against gram-positive organisms including enterococci, CoNS, and MRSA. Also active against C. diff when taken orally.

Vancomycin

ADR: nephrotoxicity

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8
Q

Monobactams

A

Only active against aerobic gram-negative rods (similar to aminoglycosides). Active against pseudomonas. Can be given to patients with penicillin allergy.

Aztreonam

ADR: interstitial nephritis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

Natural Penicillins

A

Active primarily against gram-positive organisms.

Pen G
Pen VK

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

Active against gram-positive, negative, and anaerobes. Works against pseudomonas and enterococcus (except ertapenem)

Imipenem
Meropenem
Doripenem
Ertapenem

ADR: hypersensitivity reactions, seizures

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11
Q

2G Cephalosporin

A

Increased activity against gram-negative (M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae).

Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Broad spectrum gram-positive, negative, and anaerobic activity. Used to treat meningitis when patient is severely penicillin/cephalosporin allergic.

Chloramphenicol

ADR: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, gray baby syndrome

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13
Q

Glycylcyclines

A

New extended spectrum tetracycline-like compound. Active against multi-drug resistant organisms. Active against MRSA, VRE, however no activity against pseudomonas.

Tigecycline

ADR: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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14
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Active against gram-positive organisms including MRSA and VRE. Weak MAOI inhibitor - may cause serotonin syndrome.

Linezolid

ADR: peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, GAP + metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Active against most anaerobes except actinomyces and propionibacterium. Can also be used in protozoal infections. Drug of choice for mild-moderate C. diff

Metronidazole

ADR: neuropathy, disulfiram rxn

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16
Q

Macrolides

A

Generally used in place of penicillin when penicillin allergy is present as well as atypical organisms in pneumonia. Works well for STIs.

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

ADR: diarrhea, vomiting, QTc prolongation. +++ CYP450 drug interactions.

17
Q

Cyclic Lipopeptides

A

Active against most gram-positive organisms including MRSA, VRE, and PRSP. Cannot be used for pulmonary infections due to inactivation by alveolar surfactant.

Daptomycin

ADR: myopathy, increased CPK

18
Q

Lincomycins

A

Active against gram-positive organisms and anaerobes. No activity against hospital-acquired MRSA but may be used sometimes for community-acquired MRSA.

Clindamycin

ADR: AAD, CDAD, rash

19
Q

Ureidopenicillins

A

Very broad spectrum antibiotic. Usually given with tazobactam to extend spectrum.

Piperacillin

20
Q

3G Cephalosporin

A

Extended gram-negative activity. Ceftazidime has activity against pseudomonas.

Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Ceftazidime

21
Q

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins

A

Improved spectrum against staph but less activity.

Cloxacillin

22
Q

1G Cephalosporin

A

Mostly gram-positive activity with limited gram-negative activity.

Cefazolin
Cephalexin

23
Q

Folic Acid Antagonists

A

Broad spectrum. Effective for community acquired MRSA skin infections as well as PJP, nocardia, and stenotrophomonas.

TMP
SMX

ADR: hypersensitivty reaction, rash, hyperkalemia

24
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Improved gram-negative spectrum. Beta-lactamase inhibitor increases spectrum against anaerobes.

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

25
Q

Colistin

A

Active against gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant organisms.

Colistimethate
Polymyxin E

ADR: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

Infectious Diseases (2 decks)

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