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Antibiotic Choices > Antibiotic Choices > Flashcards

Antibiotic Choices Flashcards

1
Q

Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

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2
Q

Uncomplicated CAP

A

Amoxicillin

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3
Q

Uncomplicated CAP + allergic to penicillin

A

Doxycycline or clarithromycin

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4
Q

Uncomplicated CAP with staphylococci

A

Flucloxacillin

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5
Q

Atypical Pneumonia

A

Clarithromycin

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6
Q

HAP within 5 days

A

Co- Amoxiclav

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7
Q

HAP within 5 days + allergic to penicillin

A

Cefuroxime???

doycycline ( if well)

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8
Q

HAP more than 5 days

A

Tazocin ( piperacillin + tazobactam)

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9
Q

HAP more than 5 days + penicillin allergy

A

Ceftazidime (cephalosporin) or ciprofloxacin (quinolone)

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10
Q

LUTI

A

Trimethroprim or nitrofurantoin alt amoxicillin or ceftazidime

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11
Q

LUTI + early pregnancy

A

Nitrofurantoin until last few weeks of pregnancy

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12
Q

LUTI + late pregnancy

A

Trimethoprim after 12 weeks

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13
Q

LUTI + male

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin for 7 days

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14
Q

LUTI + female

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin for 3 days

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15
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

Ceftazidime (cephalosporin) or ciprofloxacin (quinolone)

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16
Q

Impetigo

A

Topical hydrogen peroxide or oral flucloxacillin/ erythromycin if wide spread.

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17
Q

Impetigo + systemically unwell + penicillin allergy

A

Erythromycin

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18
Q

Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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19
Q

Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin

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20
Q

Cellulitis near eyes and nose

A

Co-amoxiclav

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21
Q

Cellulitis near eyes and nose + allergic to penicillin

A

clarithromycin + metronidazole

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22
Q

Cellulitis + allergic to penicillin

A

clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic

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23
Q

Erysipelas

A

Flucloxacillin

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24
Q

Erysipelas + penicillin allergic

A

clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline

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25
Q

Animal or human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav

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26
Q

Animal or human bite + allergic to penicillin

A

doxycycline + metronidazole

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27
Q

Mastitis during breast-feeding

A

Flucloxacillin

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28
Q

Throat infections

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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29
Q

Throat infections + allergic to penicillin

A

erythromycin

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30
Q

Otitis media

A

Amoxicillin

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31
Q

Otitis media + penicillin allergic

A

Erythromycin

32
Q

Sinusitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

33
Q

Periapical or periodontal abscess

A

Amoxicillin

34
Q

Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

A

Metronidazole

35
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

36
Q

Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

37
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole

38
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease + allergic to penicillin

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

39
Q

Syphilis

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin

40
Q

Syphilis but penicillin allergic

A

Doxycycline or erythromycin

41
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

42
Q

Trichomonas Vaginalis

A

Oral metronidazole

43
Q

Clostridium difficile : First episode

A

oral vancomycin

44
Q

Campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

45
Q

Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

Ciprofloxacin

46
Q

Shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

47
Q

Amoaebiasis

A

Metronidazole

48
Q

Clostridium difficile : Second or subsequent episode of infection:

A

oral fidaxomicin

49
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venerum

A

Doxycycline

50
Q

Asymptomatic Bateruria

A

Nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin or cefalexin

51
Q

Giardiasis

A

Metrodiazole

52
Q

MRSA suppresion

A

Mupirocin 2% nasal
Chlorohexidine topical

53
Q

MRSA infection

A

Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid

54
Q

Leptospirosis

A

high-dose benzylpenicillin

55
Q

Leptospirosis + allergic to penicillin

A

Doxycycline

56
Q

Primary herpes in 3rd trimester pregnancy

A

Oral Acyclovir 400mg TDS + c- section?

57
Q

Lyme disease Symptomatic

A

Doxycycline

58
Q

Lyme disease allergic

A

chlorphenamine

59
Q

Prophylaxis of meningitis

A

Ciprofloxacin

60
Q

Meningitis < 3 months > 50 years

A

Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin (or ampicillin)

61
Q

Meningitis 3 months - 50 years

A

Intravenous cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

62
Q

Meningococcal meningitis

A

Intravenous benzylpenicillin or cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

63
Q

Pneuomococcal meningitis
or Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae

A

Intravenous cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

64
Q

Meningitis caused by Listeria

A

Intravenous amoxicillin (or ampicillin) + gentamicin

65
Q

Toxoplasmosis immunocomprimised

A

Pyrimethamine + sulphadiazine

66
Q

Active TB first 2 months

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

67
Q

Active TB continuation phase - 4 months

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid

68
Q

Latent TB

A

3 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin OR 6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxin

69
Q

meningeal tuberculosis

A

Patients with meningeal tuberculosis are treated for a prolonged period (at least 12 months) with the addition of steroids

70
Q

HIV management

A

Two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).

Entry inhibitors- maraviroc, enfuvirtide

Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) : zidovudine (AZT), abacavir, emtricitabine, didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, zalcitabine, tenofovir

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
examples: nevirapine, efavirenz

Protease inhibitors (PI) 
examples: indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir

Integrase inhibitors
raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir

71
Q

EBV

A

Antiretroviral therapy

72
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

A

Co-trimoxazole

73
Q

Post Splenectomy prophylaxis

A

Penicillin V

74
Q

Malaria non falciparum Ovale Vivax

A

ACT or Chloroquine and then primaquine

75
Q

Uncomplicated Malaria Falicparium

A

(ACTs) as first-line therapy
examples include artemether plus lumefantrine, artesunate plus amodiaquine, artesunate plus mefloquine, artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine

76
Q

Severe malaria falciparum

Parasite counts of more than 2% will usually need parenteral treatment irrespective of clinical state

A

Intravenous artesunate is now recommended by WHO in preference to intravenous quinine
if parasite count > 10% then exchange transfusion should be considered
shock may indicate coexistent bacterial septicaemia - malaria rarely causes haemodynamic collapse

77
Q

Fungal nail infection

A

do not need to be treated if it is asymptomatic and the patient is not bothered by the appearance
diagnosis should be confirmed by microbiology before starting treatment
dermatophyte infection:
oral terbinafine is currently recommended first-line with oral itraconazole as an alternative
6 weeks - 3 months therapy is needed for fingernail infections whilst toenails should be treated for 3 - 6 months
treatment is successful in around 50-80% of people
Candida infection:
mild disease should be treated with topical antifungals (e.g. Amorolfine) whilst more severe infections should be treated with oral itraconazole for a period of 12 weeks
if topical topical treatment is given treatment should be continued for 6 months for fingernails and 9-12 months for toenails

Antibiotic Choices (2 decks)

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