Antibacterials: Aminoglycosides

Question 1

Neomycin

Answer 1

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: Oral; Topical; IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams

Question 2

Gentamicin

Answer 2

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: Oral; Topical; IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams

Question 3

Streptomycin

Answer 3

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Tuberculosis; Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams

Question 4

Amikacin

Answer 4

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: LEAST RESISTANCE; Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams

Question 5

Tobramycin

Answer 5

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams

Question 6

Kanamycin

Answer 6

• family: aminoglycoside
• mechanism: Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribsosomal subunit
• kinetics: IV; concentration­ dependent action; Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE)
• clinical: Aerobic gram negative bacteria; H influenzae; M catarrhalis; Shigella
• toxicity/interactions: Nephrotoxicity (irreversible); Ototoxicity (reversible deafness @ high concentrations); Neuromuscular junction blockade
• misc: Requires O2 for drug uptake; often used in combinations with beta-lactams