Antibacterials Flashcards
What class are Beta Lactams, and what subgroups come within it
Beta Lactams are cell wall active agents, and they include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams and Carbapenems
examples of Penicillins
benzyl penicillin, amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav), flucloxacillin, piperacillin (tazocin)
pharmacokinetics of penicillins
oral absorption variable
widely distributed in body fluids
renal excretion
short half life
mode of action of beta-lactams
intefere with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
attach to penicillin binding protein on bacteria and inhibit transpeptidase enzyme activity
inactivates inhibitor of autolytic anzymes leading to bacteria cell lysis (she gon die)
use of benzyl penicillin
bacterial meningitis
use of amoxicillin
resp infections
UTI
otitis media
use of flucloxacillin
cellulitis
use of piperacillin
severe infetions
pseudonomonas
ade of penicillins
very few
- hypersensitivoty fever/rash
- anaphylaxis
- oral - antibiotic associated diarrhoea
examples of cephalosporins
cefuroxime
cefotaxime
geftazidime
ceftriaxone
pharmacokinteics of cephalosporins
given parenterally
renal excretion
increased resistance in gram negative bacilli
use of cephalosporins
decreasing use
cefotaxim/ceftriaxone - meningitis
ceftazidime - some bronchiectasis infections
ade of cephalosporins
cross sensitivity with penicillins
nephrotoxicity/alcohol intolerance
monobactam examples
azetreonam - IV only
use of monobactams
only effctive against gram -ve rods
ade of monobactams
GI upset
cross sensitivity rare
example of carbapenems
meropenem
doripenem
ertapenem
imipenem
use of carbapenems
broad spectrum against aerobic and anaerobic, gram positive and negative
severe resistant infection under ID guidance
ade of carbapenems
GI upset
cross sensitivity
vancomycin - what class? and mode of action?
a glycopeptide
bactericidal antibiotic
inhibits cell wall synthesis by acting on terminal moieties of NAMA and NAG peptides (same ones beta lactams act on)
examples of vancomycin
vancomycin and teicoplanin
uses of vancomycin and teicoplanin
gram positive, anaerobic and aerobic
c. dificile colitis
MRSA
endocarditis
ade of vancomycin and teicoplanin
rash
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and teicoplanin
cannot cross gut wall
oral - severe c.diff colitis
IV- MRSA
trimethoprim - mode of action
action on nucleotide precursors
bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
bacteriostatic
trimethorprim with what is co-trimoxazole?
sulphamethoxazole
uses of trimethoprim
simple uti
p. carinii
toxoplasmosis
nocardiasis
