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Antibacterials > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Gram+ Bacteria (7)

  • Cocci
  • Spore forming
  • Non-spore forming
A

Cocci
-Staph, Strep, Entero

Spore forming
-Clostridium, Bacillus

Non-spore forming
-Corneybacterium, Listeria

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2
Q

Sulfonamides
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A

Sulfonamides
Gram+ & Gram-
Bacteriostatic
Crystalluria in children; Steven’s Johnson in adults

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3
Q

Trimethoprim
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A

Trimethoprim
Gram+ & Gram-
Bacteriostatic
Tx community acquired MRSA

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4
Q

Rifampin
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A

Rifampin
TB
Bactericidal
Makes pee orange/red

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5
Q 
Quinolones
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?
Generations?
A 
Quinolones
Gram depends on analog
Bactericidal
Concentration & Time dependent
1st: Nalidixic acid
2nd: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin
3rd: Levofloxacin --> Gram+
4th: Moxifloxacin --> Gram+
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6
Q

Nitrofurans
Gram?
Fun facts?

A

Nitrofurans
Gram+ & Gram- (except P. aeruginosa)
Used only for UTIs

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7
Q

Methanamine
Gram?
Fun facts?

A

Methanamine
Gram-
Only for UTI prophy

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8
Q

Metronidazole
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A

Metronidazole
Gram+ & Gram- ANAEROBES
Bactericidal
CANNOT drink alcohol

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9
Q

Penicillins (general)
Static/cidal?
Mechanism?
Fun facts?

A

Penicillins (general)
Bactericidal
Ties up penicillin binding protein (PBP) inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Time dependent

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10
Q

Methicillin Class (Penicillin)
Spectrum?
Drugs?
Fun facts?

A

Methicillin Class (Penicillin)
Narrow spectrum –> Staph & Strep
Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin
Beta-Lactamase resistant

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11
Q

Amino-Penicillin Class
Spectrum?
Drugs?
Fun Facts

A

Amino-Penicillin Class
Broad Spectrum
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
NOT effective against Beta-Lactamases and P. aerugenosa

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12
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins
Spectrum?
Drugs?

A 
Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins
Extended spectrum (staph, gram-, and pseudomonas)
Carbencillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
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13
Q

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactams)
Gram?
Static/cidal?

A

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactams)
Better against gram-
Bactericidal

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14
Q 
Cephalosporin Drugs (Beta-Lactams)
1st Gen:
2nd Gen:
3rd Gen:
4th Gen:
A

Cephalosporin Drugs (Beta-Lactams)
1st Gen: Cefazolin (gram+ esp. E. coli)
2nd Gen: Increased gram- activity
3rd Gen: Ceftazide (only Pseudomonas), Ceftriaxone
4th Gen: Cefepine (only Pseudomonas), Ceftolozane

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15
Q

Carbapenems (*IMPENEM) (Beta-Lactams)
Gram?
Fun facts?

A 
Carbapenems (*IMPENEM) (Beta-Lactams)
Broad spectrum; gram+ & gram-
Beta-Lactamase resistant
Effective against Pseudomonas & Acinetobacter
*Administered with Cilastatin
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16
Q

Monobactams (Beta-Lactams)
Gram?
Fun facts?

A

Monobactams (Beta-Lactams)
Aerobic gram- including pseudomonas
Drug: Aztreonam

17
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Suicide inactivators)

Drugs?

A

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Suicide inactivators)
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

18
Q

Vancomycin
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A 
Vancomycin
ONLY gram+
Bactericidal
Tx severe C. diff and MRSA
Time dependent
Can result in hearing loss/red neck
19
Q

Bacitracin
Gram?
Fun facts?

A

Bacitracin
Gram+ cocci
Tx superficial skin infections; topical application

20
Q

Polymyxins
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A

Polymyxins
Gram-
Bactericidal
Nephrotoxic; topical & oral

21
Q

Daptomycin
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Fun facts?

A 
Daptomycin
Gram+
Bactericidal
Concentration dependent
Not effective in lungs
22
Q 
Aminoglycosides (Protein synth inhibitors)
Gram?
Static/cidal?
Drugs?
Fun facts?
A

Aminoglycosides (Protein synth inhibitors)
Gram-
Bactericidal
Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin (topical)
Concentration dependent
Ototoxicity (hearing); Nephrotoxic (reversible)

23
Q 
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Aminoglycosides - gram? - cidal/static
Tetracyclines - gram? - cidal/static
Chloramphenicol - cidal/static
Clindamycin - gram? - cidal/static
Erythromycin (macrolides) - gram? - cidal/static
Linezolid - cidal/static
Quinupristin & Dalfopristin - cidal/static
A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Aminoglycosides - gram(-) - Bactericidal
Tetracyclines - gram- & gram+ - Bacteristatic
Chloramphenicol - Bacteristatic
Clindamycin - gram+ anaerobes - Bacteristatic
Erythromycin (macrolides) - gram+ - Bacteristatic
Linezolid - Bacteristatic
Quinupristin & Dalfopristin - Bactericidal

Antibacterials (1 decks)

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