Antibacterials Flashcards
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
MOA: It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to the misreading of mRNA and subsequent inhibition of translocation.
I: Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
D: Weight based and CrCl
C: IV or IM over a specific time
ADR:
- Nephrotoxicity: elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, muslce weakness, paralysis, respiratory distress
- Ototoxicity: hearing loss, ringing, dizziness
PP:
- Empirical < 48hrs
- TDM
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside
Ertapenem
Carbapenem
Meropenem
Carbapenem
MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This action disrupts the construction of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
I: nosocomial infections and life-threatening infections, multi-resistant Gram-negative infections, Severe mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections, meningitis, febrile neutropenia
D: 0.5-2g TDS
C: IV
ADR: NV, diarrhoea, headache
- C.diff: itch, rash
PP: Renal fn, hepatic fn, FBC for prolonged treatment
Imipenem with cilastatin
Carbapenem
Cefaclor (Ceclor, Keflor)
Cephalosporin
- Moderate spectrum
MOA: Interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death; bactericidal.
I: Respiratory tract infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections
D: 250-500mg TDS OR 375-750mg CR BD
C: Best with food
ADR: NV, rash, dizziness, headache
- Serum sickness-like syndrome: skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy and arthralgia/arthritis; may last for 6–12 days. Full recovery usually occurs after stopping.
PP: renal fn, FBC for > 10 days
Cefalexin (Ibilex, Keflex)
Cephalosporin
- Moderate spectrum
MOA: It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell wall disruption and bacterial cell death.
I: UTI, staph/strep infections
D: 250mg q6h or 500mg q6-12h
C:
ADR: NVD, rash, allergic reaction
PP:
- Less serious infections BD dosing may be used (strep throat, tonsillitis, UTI)
- UTI: Women for 5 days, Men for 7 days
- Monitor renal fn and FBC if longer than 10 days
Cefazolin
Cephalosporin
- Moderate spectrum
Cefepime
Cephalosporin
- Broad spectrum
Cefotaxime
Cephalosporin
- Broad spectrum
Cefoxitin
Cephalosporin
- Moderate spectrum
Ceftaroline
Cephalosporin
- Broad spectrum
Ceftazidime
Cephalosporin
- Broad spectrum
Ceftazidime with avibactam
Cephalosporin
- Broad spectrum