Antibacterials Flashcards
Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever
Phenoxymethylpenicillin or sulfadiazine.
Invasive group A streptococcal infection: prevention of secondary cases
Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Patients who are penicillin allergic, either azithromycin [unlicensed use] or clarithromycin [unlicensed use] or erythromycin (in pregnancy or within 28 days of giving birth).
Meningococcal meningitis: prevention of secondary cases
Ciprofloxacin or rifampicin or i/m ceftriaxone [unlicensed indication].
Haemophilus influenzae type b infection: prevention of secondary disease
Rifampicin;
Alternative if rifampicin unsuitable: ceftriaxone [unlicensed] (based on limited evidence), or oral ciprofloxacin [unlicensed] or azithromycin [unlicensed] (however effectiveness in healthy individuals has not been determined).
Diphtheria: prevention of secondary cases
Azithromycin or clarithromycin;
Alternative if more easily administered: intramuscular benzylpenicillin sodium.
Pertussis, antibacterial prophylaxis
Clarithromycin (or azithromycin or erythromycin).
Pneumococcal infection in asplenia or in patients with sickle-cell disease, antibacterial prophylaxis
Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
If penicillin-allergic, erythromycin.
Orthopaedic surgery, antibacterial prophylaxis
- Joint replacement including hip and knee
Single dose of i/v cefuroxime alone
or i/v flucloxacillin + i/v gentamicin
Orthopaedic surgery, antibacterial prophylaxis
- Closed fractures
Single dose of i/v cefuroxime or i/v flucloxacillin
Orthopaedic surgery, antibacterial prophylaxis
- Open fractures
Use i/v co-amoxiclav alone or
i/v cefuroxime + i/v metronidazole
PROM prevention of intra-uterine infection
Erythromycin.
Penicillins MOA
Beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
prevents cross linking of peptidoglycans
Why can flucloxacillin by used in infections caused by beta lactamase producing bacteria?
Beta-lactamase stable
When is benzylpenicilin commonly used
Prehospital in meningococcal disease
When is Pen V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) commonly used / 1st line
Streptococcal tonsilitis
