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Pharm > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

What are beta lactam agents

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporin

Cabepenams
Monbactams
Beta lactamase inhibitors

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2
Q

What are cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Beta lactam agents
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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3
Q

Name protein synthesis inhibitors

A

M- macrolids
A- aminoglycosides
T- tetracyclines

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4
Q

What are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

S sulphonamides
A azoles
Q quinolones

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5
Q

What’s mode of action of penicillin

A

It inhibits enzyme by penicillin binding proteins

So inhibit peptidoglycan cross linkages in cell wall

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6
Q

What’s type of action

A

Bactriocidal/ time dependent killer

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7
Q

How bacteria become resistant to penicillin

A

Formation of different structures of penicillin binding protein
Secrete beta lactamase enzyme break beta lactam ring

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8
Q

Why not oral benzyl penicillin is effective

A

Since benzylpenicillin oral destroy by gastric acid

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9
Q

T1/2 of penicillins

A

Less than 2h

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10
Q

How it dissolve to CDF

A

When meninges get inflamed it reaches to meninges

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11
Q

How renal clearance occur

A

Rapid clearance by renal tubular cells

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12
Q

How penicillin rapid renal clearance can stop

A

Probenecid reduces the renal clearance of penicillin

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13
Q

Do we need to reduce penicillin dose in severe renal impairment pts

A

Yes

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14
Q

What’s most prominent SE of Penicillin

A

It cause allergies

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15
Q

What are the types of allergies

A

Itching
Urticaria
Angiodema

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16
Q

How penicillin causes allergies

A

B lactam ring open and create penicillyol group bind tissue proteins form antigenic determinant

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17
Q

What’s cross allergies

A

Occur in all forms of penicillin due to similar form of structure

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18
Q

What type of allergies occur in cephalosporin and penicillin

A

Partial cross allergies

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19
Q

Apart from allergies what are other SE of penicillin

A

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Neutropenia in more than ten days high doses
Hemolytic anaemia rarely

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20
Q

Flucloxacillin and Co amoxi high dose long duration for elders will cause what

A

Hepatic toxicity

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21
Q

What are two narrow spectrum penicillin

A

Benzyl penicillin

Anti Staphylococcal penicillin

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22
Q

What are narrow spectrum penicillins

A

Benzyl penicillin

Anti staphylococcal penicillin

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23
Q

T1/2 of benzylpenicillin

A

0.5h

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24
Q

How it should given

A

Penicillin G -spaced doses and to maintain therapeutic concentrations

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25
Q

How Benzylpenicillin eliminate

A

Kidney 80% active secretion at renal tubules

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26
Q

How B penicillin can reduce secreted

A

By probenecid

27
Q

B penicillin highly active for what disease

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

A,beta hemolytic streptococcus (pyogens)

28
Q

What organism is less susceptible to B penicillin

A

Enterococcus fecalis

29
Q

How to admin B-penicillin for infective endocarditis

A

Penicillin + Amino-glycoside

IE-AP

30
Q

For what B penicillin isDOC

A 
Neisseria meningitides(meningococcal meningitis/sepsis)
Bacillus anthrax 
Clostridium perfringes (gas gangrene)
Tetani
Diphtheria 
Syphilis
Leptospirosis 
Actinomycosis
Lyme disease-borrelia burgodoferi
31
Q

What are AE

A

Allergies

Least toxic

32
Q

How it given

A

IV IM

Oral 600mg 6hourly

33
Q

How procaine penicillin given

A

IM only

34
Q

What procaine penicillin release

A

Benzyl penicillin

35
Q

What’s phenoxy methyl penicillin

A

Penicillin V

36
Q

What’s it penicillin V activity compared to benzyl penicillin

A

Less active for Neisseria gonorrhaoea and meningitidis

37
Q

What’s route of penicillin V

A

IV acute Strep pneumonia and strep pyogens

38
Q

What are anti staphylococcal penicillin

A

Flucloxacillin
Cloxacillin
Methicillin

39
Q

What’s their (anti staphylococcal penicillin)special property of beta lactam

A

Stable to staphylococcal beta lactamases

40
Q

What’s T1/2 of Flucloxacillin

A

1h

41
Q

What’s concentration difference between Flucloxacillin and cloxacillin

A

Gibe high blood concentration that cloxa

42
Q

When used more than 2 week by adults Flucloxacillin cause

A

Cholestatic jaundice

43
Q

T1/2 of cloxacillin

A

1/2 h

44
Q

What are MRSA anti biotics of anti staphylococcal penicillin

A

Methicillin

Oxacillin

45
Q

What are broad spectrum penicillin

A

A-Amoxicillin

A-Ampicillin

C- Co amoxi clav

46
Q

T/F benzyl penicillin less active than Broad spectrum for gram positive cocci

A

F

47
Q

T/f broad spectrum are more active than bets lactamase resistant penicillin

A

True

48
Q

Amoxicillin is structural analogue of what

A

Ampicillin

49
Q

Does amoxicillin better absorbed in gut

A

Yes after food

50
Q

Does ampicillin or amoxicillin causes more diarrhea

A

Diarrhea less fx with amoxicillin

51
Q

What’s dose of amoxicillin

A

250mg /8h

52
Q

Amoxicillin parenteral is useful -T/F

A

False no use Like ampicillin

53
Q

What will do by clavulanic acid

A

Beta lactam molecule
Irreversibly bind with beta lactamase
Protect penicillin against beta lactamase it’s suicide inhibitor

54
Q

Therapeutic use of co amoxi clav

A 
Oral tx for beta lactamase producing orgnisms
Respi infection 
Urogenital infections
Stap aureus
E coli
55
Q

Dose of co amoxi clav

A

1 tab 8hourly

56
Q

Ampicillin is is acid stable T/F

A

Yes

57
Q

Oral dose of ampicillin

A

250mg -1g 6-8hourly

58
Q

IM dose ampicillin Iv dose

A

500mg 6hourly

59
Q

Does ampicillin change on urine

A

No

60
Q

What happen to ampicillin in bile

A

Concentrated

61
Q

Adverse effects of co amoxi and ampicillin

A

Ampicillin- diarrhea
Ampi/co amoxi- clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Ampicillin- macular rash
Cholestatic jaundice with co amoxi

62
Q

What is drug in monobactum

A

Aztreonam

63
Q

Azetronam effective for what

A

Gram negatives - pseudomonas aureginosa
H influenza
Neisseria meningitides and gonrrhoea

Pharm (6 decks)

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